带燃料电池增程器的插电式混合动力电动车

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Concept with Fuel Cell Range Extender for Urban Delivery Transport-Powertrain Concept

摘要:

由于日益严格的立法和公司面临的巨大社会压力，城市配送运输车队的电气化变得越来越重要。本文介绍了一款最大总重为7.5 t的3.5 t改装轻型车。该车有一个串行混合电动动力系统，最大电力牵引功率为150 kW，还有一个60 kW的燃料电池增程器。该车使用一个46 kW·h的电池，平均电压水平为400 V，从而使全电动范围达到120 km。电力驱动由一个感应电机和一个锂锰铁磷酸盐（LMFP）电池以及一个2速变速箱实现。燃料电池系统有一个容量为95 L的燃料箱，压力水平为70 bar，这使得车辆的总里程达400 km。一个质子交换膜（PEM）用于直接使用氢气，其额定功率为1.0 W/cm²。质子交换膜被集成在一个60 kW的燃料电池系统中，用于车辆的车载能源生产。对于空气通道，燃料电池系统有一个电动辅助涡轮增压器，以利用废气的热能。吸入空气的加湿是通过一个水喷射器实现的，该喷射器使用来自排气除湿的水。氢气路径是通过一个喷射器电路和一个用于处理氮气的清洗阀实现的。在下文中，将介绍燃料电池系统的设计和控制。最后，介绍了燃料电池系统运行过程中最重要的影响。

Abstract:

The electrification of vehicle fleets for urban delivery transport is becoming increasingly important due to ever stricter legislation and the high social pressure on companies. In this paper， a converted 3.5 t light-duty vehicle with a maximum gross weight of 7.5 t is introduced. The vehicle has a serial hybrid electric powertrain with a maximum electric traction power of 150 kW and a 60 kW fuel cell range extender. The vehicle uses a 46 kW·h battery with a 400 V mean voltage level， resulting in a full electric range of 120 km. The electric drive is realized with an induction motor and a lithium-manganese-iron-phosphate （LMFP）-battery as well as a 2-speed gearbox. The fuel cell system has a fuel tank with a 95 L volume and 700 bar pressure level， which enables an overall vehicle range of 400 km. A proton-exchange membrane （PEM）， for direct hydrogen application， with a rated power of 1.0 W / cm2 is used. The PEM is integrated in a 60 kW fuel cell system for on-board energy generation on the vehicle. For the air-path the fuel cell system has an electrically assisted turbocharger to use the enthalpy of the exhaust air. The humidification of the intake air is realized with a water injector that uses water from dehumidification of the exhaust air. The hydrogen path is realized with an ejector circuit and a purge-valve for nitrogen disposal. In this paper， the design and control of the fuel cell system is introduced. Finally， the most important effects during the operation of the fuel cell system are presented.