一种自动驾驶电动汽车线束布局优化方法

A Framework for Optimizing Wiring Harness of Automated Electric Vehicles

摘要:

近年来，随着汽车自动驾驶、数字化、电动化技术的不断发展，汽车的功能不断增加，车辆内部线束也随之增加。由于过多的线束导致车辆自重增加的问题日益突出。为了实现能源的高效利用和出行方式的可持续性，开发人员需要通过优化线束布置来尽可能多的减轻车辆自重，同时降低成本。由于与线束相连的车辆零件位置固定，因此需要一个算法在车辆零件位置为限制条件下，优化车辆线束布局。之前的研究方法通常只考虑线束设计的部分限制因素，且没有考虑线束三维结构。在本文研究中，开发了一种新型的优化线束布局的方法，该方法考虑了与包装，温度负载以及装配难易相关的各种限制因素。该方法可以根据设计需求来控制线束布置方法，如在沿着车辆纵轴方向布置更多线束，以避免在车辆外围布置线束。通过该方法，可以高效地计算出线束长度、直径，以及精确的布线路径。

Abstract:

Autonomous driving， digitalization， and electromobility have greatly increased the number of functions in vehicles in recent years. This trend will continue in the coming years. An extension of functions is often associated with an increase in the quantity of wires. However， for energy-efficient and thus sustainable mobility， developers need to keep the vehicle weight as low as possible. Likewise， the minimization of costs must be strived for. For this purpose， an algorithm is necessary， which designs the wiring under the specification of component positions. We took into account various constraints with regard to packaging， temperature load， and ease of assembly aspects. In addition， the routing can be controlled by desired preferences， e.g. more wires along the center of the vehicle than on the outside in the direction of the vehicle's longitudinal axis. The specification of cable lengths， diameters as well as the exact routing are the results. Previous approaches usually consider only partial aspects， no 3D structure， and only a few number of constraints.