真实驾驶循环中的发动机电基合成燃料评估

E-Fuels: Model-based Evaluation of Engine Potential in Real Driving Cycles

摘要:

电基合成燃料（E-Fuels）是实现环境和气候目标的一个重要组成部分。其中C1含氧化合物因其具备清洁燃烧的特性而备受关注，包括氧化亚甲基醚（OME）、碳酸二甲酯（DMC）和甲酸甲酯（MeFo）。为探索新型燃料在内燃机中的潜力，对汽油和柴油燃烧、排放模型进行了优化和扩展。在成功验证和标定模型后，对虚拟测试车辆进行了研究，重点关注燃料的效率潜力、排放水平和经济性。首先，基于现代汽油、柴油和天然气发动机，开发了不同概念的OME和DMC/MeFo发动机；其次，在真实驾驶循环（RDE）中对这些发动机概念在E级乘用车和40 t卡车上的应用进行了评估。结果表明，通过调整喷射策略和匹配废气再循环，OME发动机能实现最佳的热效率和极低的排放；混合燃料DMC/MeFo由于高抗爆性，结合先进的发动机技术，能达到接近柴油机的热效率，且发动机复杂性大大降低，这使得DMC/MeFo燃料在重型卡车应用中具有广阔的前景。

关键词:电基合成燃料;实际驾驶排放;0D/1D仿真;氧化亚甲基醚;碳酸二甲酯;甲酸甲酯

Abstract:

Electricity-based synthetic fuels （E-Fuels） represent an important building block for achieving ambitious environmental and climate targets. The C1 group oxygenates are due to clean combustion properties particularly attractive， including oxymethylene ether （OME）， dimethyl carbonate （DMC） and methyl formate （MeFo）. In order to fully explore the potential of new fuels in internal combustion engines， the gasoline and diesel combustion and emission models were optimized and extended. After successful implementation， validation and calibration of the models， investigations are carried out on virtual test vehicles. These focus on efficiency potential， emission formation and economy. In the first step， different engine concepts of OME and DMC/MeFo are developed， each based on modern gasoline， diesel and CNG engines. In the second step， these engine concepts are evaluated for an E-Class passenger car and a 40-ton truck in virtual real driving cycles （RDE）. It can be shown that the OME engine realizes the best efficiency and at the same time minimal emissions through adapted injection strategy and intelligent exhaust gas recirculation （EGR）. The blended fuel DMC/MeFo represents great efficiency potential thanks to high knock resistance with state-of-the-art engine technologies. The dedicated DMC/MeFo engines approaches the efficiency of diesel engine concepts with significantly less engine complexity， making DMC/MeFo a promising prospect for heavy-duty application.

Key words:electricity-based synthetic fuel (E-Fuel);real driving cycle (RDE);0D/1D simulation;oxymethylene ether（OME）;dimethyl carbonate（DMC）;methyl formate （MeFo）