600km·h-1高速磁浮列车气动噪声仿真与试验分析

Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Aerodynamic Noise Generated by 600 km·h-1 High-Speed Maglev Train

摘要:

为探究高速磁浮列车气动噪声特性，以TR08高速磁浮列车为研究对象，考虑空气的可压缩性，采用分离涡模拟（DES）计算列车周围瞬态流场，基于Lighthill声比拟理论，采用声学有限元方法进行气动噪声数值计算。通过对比在线实车试验数据与数值仿真计算结果，验证了数值计算模型的准确性。研究表明，高速磁浮列车气动噪声是一种宽频带噪声，噪声源主要分布在头车和尾车流线型肩部等气流分离及湍流剧烈的区域。当列车运行速度为600 km·h^-1时，距离轨道中心线25m、轨面以上3.5m处列车通过时间内等效连续A声级达到107.5dB（A），噪声峰值位于中心频率为1 600Hz的1/3倍频程频带内，为101.9dB（A）。

Abstract:

In order to explore the aerodynamic noise characteristics of high-speed maglev trains， a TR08 high-speed maglev train was taken as the research object. Considering the compressibility of air， detached eddy simulation （DES） was used to calculate the transient flow field around the train. Based on the Lighthill acoustic analogy theory， the acoustic finite element method was used to calculate the aerodynamic noise. The accuracy of the numerical model was verified by comparing the online test data with the numerical simulation results. The results show that the aerodynamic noise of the high-speed maglev train is a kind of broadband noise. The noise sources are mainly distributed in the areas with a strong air separation and turbulence， such as the streamlined shoulders of the head and tail cars. When the train speed is 600 km·h^-1， the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level reaches 107.5dB（A） within the train passing time where the position is 25m from the track centerline and 3.5m above the track surface， and the noise peak is 101.9dB（A） which is at the center frequency of 1 600Hz in the 1/3 octave band.