基于心理旋转效应的小半径公路长隧道视觉环境优化研究框架

Optimization Research Framework of Visual Environment for Small Radius Highway Long Tunnel Based on Mental Rotation Effect

摘要:

小半径公路长隧道内部为典型弱视觉参照环境，极易诱发驾驶人心理旋转效应，难以准确辨识隧道线形、隧道轮廓和交通信息，驾驶绩效降低，行车风险增大。为缓解驾驶人心理旋转效应，提升小半径公路长隧道交通安全水平，从其视觉环境典型行车安全问题出发，提出基于心理旋转效应的小半径公路长隧道视觉环境优化研究框架。结果表明：小半径公路长隧道视觉参照系具有诱导信息过渡剧烈、违背驾驶期望和冗余性欠缺等特点，突出表现为视线诱导信息不连续、局部视觉参照信息与整体视觉环境信息不一致、轮廓诱导信息与线形诱导信息协同作用差等方面。根据空间路权、驾驶人因和驾驶任务等评价要素，结合视知觉恒常性、整体优先性、多层次诱导等理论，提出构建恒常稳定、连续一致、信息冗余的视觉参照系的优化思路。总结提出通过布设多频率、多尺度、多形状的视线诱导设施，利用局部视觉参照元素构建与整体行车环境信息相连续一致的参照线索，加强轮廓诱导与线形诱导，借助高位、中位与低位诱导信息的协同作用构建信息冗余的多层次视觉参照系，有效缓解心理旋转效应带来的负面影响，达到行车安全、舒适、低成本、可持续的优化目标。该研究可为小半径公路长隧道、小半径光学长隧道的交通安全提升提供理论依据。

Abstract:

The inside of a small-radius highway long tunnel is a typical weak visual reference environment， which easily induces the mental rotation effect of drivers. As a result， it becomes difficult to accurately identify the alignment， the contour of the tunnel， and the traffic information， leading to a decrease in driving performance and an increase in driving risks. To alleviate the mental rotation effect of drivers and improve the traffic safety of small-radius highway long tunnels， this paper proposes a visual environment optimization research framework for small-radius highway long tunnels based on the mental rotation effect， starting from typical driving safety issues in its visual environment. The results show that the visual reference system of small-radius highway long tunnels has characteristics such as inducing a significant transition of information， violating driving expectations， and lacking redundancy， which are prominently manifested in aspects such as discontinuous visual guiding information， inconsistent local visual reference information with the overall visual environment information， and poor collaboration between contour and alignment guiding information. Based on evaluation factors such as spatial right-of-way， driving human factors， and driving tasks， and in combination with theories such as visual perceptual constancy， global-precedance， and multi-level guiding， this paper proposes an optimization idea of constructing a constant， stable， continuous， and redundant visual reference system. In summary， this paper proposes to deploy multi-frequency， multi-scale， and multi-shape visual guiding facilities， and use local visual reference elements to construct a continuous and consistent reference clue with the overall driving environment information， enhance contour and alignment guiding， and construct a multi-level visual reference system with redundant information by leveraging the collaborative effect of high， middle， and low-level guiding information to effectively alleviate the negative impact of mental rotation effect and achieve the optimization goals of driving safety， comfort， low cost， and sustainability. This paper can provide a theoretical basis for enhancing traffic safety in small-radius highway long tunnels and small-radius optical long tunnels.