水库围油桶与拦藻网对石油类污染的防控优化

Optimization of Petroleum Pollution Prevention and Control by Oil Containment Booms and Algae Barriers in Reservoir

摘要:

当水源地航运设施密集时，会使原水面临较高的突发石油类污染风险。分析了围油桶和拦藻网及组合工艺在不同流速和溢油量下的除油效能。实验探究了围油桶不同安装方式在不同流速下对持续溢油的去除情况。结果表明，淹没深度为0cm对溢油的去除效果最差，淹没深度为1.5cm在各种流速下出口质量浓度均较低（0.14~0.61mg·L^-1）。考察了拦藻网的不同布设方式（自由平铺，竖直放置，双层放置，垂直平铺）以及不同藻浓度下对溢油的吸附性能。结果表明，垂直平铺的方式在各初始情况下均有较低的出口质量浓度且效果稳定（0.15~0.28 mg·L^-1）；组合式工艺相较于围油桶有较好的性能提升，12min出口处质量浓度较单独围油桶分别降低了78.8%，84.6%和78.5%；高浓度藻液处理后的拦藻网除油效果下降，与活性位点的减少有关。

关键词:突发性石油类污染;围油桶;拦藻网;拦截除油;效能优化

Abstract:

High risk for accidental petroleum pollution in raw water when there is a congestion of shipping facilities in the water source area. The effectiveness in removing oil at different flow velocities and oil spill volumes was analyzed for oil containment drums and algal nets， as well as for the combined process. The removal performance under different flow velocities by different installation methods of oil containers for continuous oil spill was experimentally investigated. The results show that a submergence depth of 0 cm is the least effective in removing oil spills， where 1.5 cm results in lower outlet concentrations （0.14~0.61 mg·L^-1） at all flow rates. Various laying methods （free laying， vertical laying， double laying， vertical laying） and different algal concentrations were investigated for the adsorption performance of the algal nets. The results show that the vertical laying method has lower outlet concentration and stable effect （0.15~0.28 mg·L^-1） in each initial situation； the combined process has better performance improvement compared with the oil drum， and the concentration at the 12min outlet reduces by 78.8%， 84.6%， and 78.5%， respectively； the decrease in the oil removal effect of the algal nets after treatment of high algal concentration is related to the reduction of active sites.

Key words:accidental petroleum pollution;oil drums;algal nets;oil interception and removal;optimization of effectiveness