汽车中报废尾气催化剂的性质及失效原因

Analysis on Properties and Failure Causes of Waste Exhaust Catalysts in Automobiles

摘要:

由于缺乏对废尾气催化剂的全面表征，导致对其物理化学性质及失效原因的了解不完全，影响其中铂族金属的回收。 为此，对报废尾气催化剂进行了化学组成和物相、表面元素、微观形貌、粒度、比表面积和热稳定性等一系列性质表征分析，得出其失效原因主要包括铂族金属硫化及磷化中毒、催化剂表面积碳吸附、铂族金属氧化、烧结团聚及铂族金属在载体内的包裹、比表面积和总孔体积缩小等。

Abstract:

There is a lack of comprehensive characterization of waste exhaust catalysts， resulting in an incomplete understanding of their physicochemical properties and causes of failures， which affects the recovery of platinum group metals from them. To this end， in this paper， a series of properties such as chemical composition and phases， surface elements， microscopic morphology， particle size， specific surface area and thermal stability were characterized and analyzed for waste exhaust catalysts. It is concluded that the failure causes mainly include sulfide and phosphide poisoning of platinum group metals， carbon adsorption on the catalyst surface， oxidation of platinum group metals， sintering agglomeration and packaging of platinum group metals in the substrate， reduction of specific surface area and total pore volume， etc.