不确定环境下收费与信息对路径选择行为影响的实验研究

Experimental Study on Effect of Congestion Toll and Information on Route Choice Behavior in Uncertain Environment

摘要:

在不确定环境下考虑信息发布与拥挤收费两种措施，基于交通网络均衡，推导了两路径简单路网的最优收费模型，并推广至一般路网。基于两路径路网设计逐日路径选择行为实验，分析了两种措施对路径选择行为的影响。结果表明：完美信息与收费的实施均能减少流量波动，单独实施收费的效果最佳，但只有两种措施相结合时，路网流量趋于用户均衡的趋势最稳定；完美信息会增加路径切换行为，而收费可有效抑制大幅的路径切换；无收费时路径切换往往会造成出行成本增加，而收费时则相反；收费与信息结合时的出行时间比两种措施单独实施时小。

Abstract:

Considering the two measures of information release and congestion charging under uncertain environment， and based on traffic network equilibrium， an optimal toll model of the simple two-route road network is derived and is extended to the general road network. Based on the two-route network， a day-to-day route choice behavior experiment is conducted. The impact of the two measures on travelers’ route choice behavior is analyzed. The results show that the implementation of perfect information and congestion charging can both reduce the flow fluctuation， and the effect of congestion charging alone is the best. However， only when the two measures are combined， the trend of road network flow towards user equilibrium is the most stable. Perfect information will increase route switching behavior， while congestion charging can effectively inhibit large route switching. When there is no congestion toll， route switching often increases the travel cost. On the contrary， when congestion toll is implemented， route switching can often reduce the travel cost. The travel time when the two measures of congestion tolling and traffic information release are implemented together is better than that when the two measures are implemented separately.