基于个人舒适系统杭州住宅冬季热舒适与能耗

Characteristics of Residential Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption in Winter in Hangzhou Based on Personal Comfort Systems

摘要:

为揭示该地区个人舒适系统（PCS）作用下的居民冬季热舒适特征和供暖能耗需求，以杭州市为对象，采用问卷调研和入户现场实测的方式得出冬季住宅开窗、遮阳、使用空调和PCS等典型热环境组合调节模式以及典型供暖模式和居民活动状态组合下的热舒适特征；在此基础上模拟得到冬季室内热舒适和供暖能耗特征。结果表明，冬季“无设备+静坐”、“空调+静坐”、“PCS+静坐”、“无设备+家务劳动”、“空调+家务劳动”、“PCS+家务劳动”等6种工况下的冬季中性温度分别是17.3、18.8、16.4、15.7、15.7、13.9℃，舒适温度区间分别是14.3~20.3℃、17.1~20.5℃、14.4~18.4℃、13.7~17.8℃、13.3~18.1℃、11.0~16.9℃。冬季室内热舒适水平受热环境调节模式影响较大，客厅在室舒适时间占比在43.74%~80.21%之间，卧室在室舒适时间占比均为70%以上。使用空调与PCS供暖时，典型建筑在冬初冬末的供暖能耗强度是1.28 kWh·m^-2，在严冬的供暖能耗强度是13.06 kWh·m^-2。

Abstract:

In order to reveal the thermal comfort characteristics and heating energy consumption demand of residents in winter under the effect of personal comfort systems （PCS）， this paper takes Hangzhou as the object. By means of questionnaire survey and on-site measurement， the thermal comfort characteristics under various typical thermal environment regulation methods， such as opening windows， shading， using air conditioning and PCS， and indoor hourly temperature and energy consumption are simulated. The results show that the neutral temperatures of “no equipment + sitting”， “air conditioning + sittin”， “PCS+ sitting”，“no equipment + housework”， “air conditioning + housework” and “PCS+ housework” in winter are 17.3， 18.8， 16.4， 15.7， 15.7， 13.9℃ respectively. A comfortable temperature range respectively is 14.3 to 20.3 ℃， 17.1 to 20.5 ℃， 14.4 to 18.4 ℃， 13.7 to 17.8 ℃， 13.3 to 18.1 ℃， 11.0 to 16.9 ℃. The indoor thermal comfort level in winter is greatly affected by behavioral patterns. The proportion of comfortable time in the living room is 43.74%~80.21%， and the proportion of comfortable time in the bedroom is more than 70%. When air conditioning and PCS are used for heating， the energy intensity of a typical building is 1.28kWh·m^-2 in early and late winter and 13.06kWh·m^-2 in severe winter.