饮水系统中抗生素抗性基因赋存特征及健康风险评估

Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Drinking Water Systems

摘要:

近几年抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）作为一种新型污染物在世界各地的水体、土壤中被频繁检出，其在环境中大量扩散和增殖十分容易导致微生物获得抗生素抗性，对人体健康产生潜在威胁。结合国内外文献报道数据，介绍了ARGs在城市饮水系统中污染现状，描述了其赋存特征，发现在国内外城市饮水系统中ARGs的数量不容小觑，数量最高可达1.38×10⁵ copies·ml^-1。其次对城市饮水系统中常用工艺对ARGs的赋存与传播影响因素进行了总结，发现城市常用水处理工艺对ARGs的灭杀效果差，甚至对其富集和繁殖往往起着促进作用；在不同的环境影响因素中，微生物群落结构是影响ARGs的主要驱动力，其次是重金属。最后提出ARGs对人体可能造成的健康威胁以及现有健康风险评估方法的局限性，并对未来ARGs的研究进行了展望。

Abstract:

Antibiotic resistance genes（ARGs） are widely distributed in water and soil as a new type of pollutants. Microorganisms which pose a potential threat to human health obtain antibiotic resistance through the proliferation of ARGs. In order to study the possible health risks of a large number of ARGs in urban drinking water systems at this stage， this paper first combines the data reported in the domestic and international literature， introduces the current situation of ARGs contamination in urban drinking water systems， describes their storage characteristics， and finds that the number of ARGs in urban drinking water systems at home and abroad is not to be underestimated， and the number of the highest number of ARGs can be up to 1.38×10⁵ copies·ml^-1. Then， it summarizes the influences of commonly used processes in urban drinking water systems on ARGs accumulation and propagation. It is found that commonly used water treatment processes in urban areas have poor inactivation effects on ARGs， and even tend to promote their enrichment and propagation. Among different environmental factors， microbial community structure is the main driving force influencing ARGs， followed by heavy metals. Finally， it proposes the possible health risks of ARGs to human beings and the limitations of the existing health risk assessment methods， and prospects the future research on ARGs.