辅助驾驶系统对重型卡车驾驶员长途驾驶中疲劳程度的影响

Effect of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems on Fatigue Levels of Heavy Truck Drivers in Prolonged Driving Tasks

摘要:

乘用车领域的过往研究发现，相较于手动驾驶使用辅助驾驶系统的驾驶员会更容易出现疲劳，因此有必要探究辅助驾驶系统对重型卡车驾驶员长途驾驶疲劳程度的影响。基于超过120 h的自然驾驶实验，采用多项生心理指标（如心率、心率变异性等）对比了重型卡车驾驶员手动驾驶车辆时和在辅助驾驶系统帮助下驾驶车辆时的疲劳程度。辅助驾驶情况下驾驶员平均心率、呼吸频率、呼吸深度以及瞳孔直径均高于手动驾驶情况下，辅助驾驶情况下驾驶员连续二次心跳（RR）间隔均方根、低高频比例、眨眼频率、眨眼时长以及眼睑闭合百分比（PERCLOS）均低于手动驾驶情况下。当驾驶员处于手动驾驶情况时，驾驶时间每增加2 h，反应时间会增加0.032 s；当驾驶员处于辅助驾驶情况时，反应时间不随驾驶时间发生显著变化。重型卡车驾驶员在辅助驾驶系统帮助下驾驶车辆时的疲劳程度低于手动驾驶，本研究可以为辅助驾驶系统在重型卡车中的安全应用提供理论支持。

关键词:交通安全;辅助驾驶系统;重型卡车驾驶员;驾驶疲劳

Abstract:

Previous research in the passenger car domain has found that drivers using advanced driver assistance system （ADAS） are more likely to experience fatigue compared to manual driving. Therefore， it is necessary to investigate the impact of ADAS on the fatigue levels of truck drivers during long-haul driving. Based on over 120 h of naturalistic driving experiments， multiple psychophysiological indicators （such as heart rate， heart rate variability， etc.） were used to compare the fatigue levels of heavy truck drivers when manually driving vehicles and when driving vehicles with ADAS. The average heart rate， respiratory rate， respiratory depth， and pupil diameter of drivers driving with ADAS are all higher than those under manual driving. When driving with ADAS， the drivers’ root mean square of continuous RR interval， low to high frequency ratio， blink frequency， blink duration and PERCLOS are all lower than those under manual driving. When the driver is driving manually， the reaction time will increase by 0.032 s for every 2 hours. When the driver is driving with ADAS， the reaction time does not change significantly with the increase of driving time. The fatigue levels of heavy truck drivers when driving vehicles with ADAS are lower than when manually driving， providing theoretical support for the safe use of ADAS in heavy trucks.

Key words:traffic safety;advanced driver assistance system （ADAS）;heavy truck drivers;driving fatigue