外源物质调控好氧堆肥氮损失研究进展

Research Progress on Effects of Exogenous Substances on Nitrogen Loss During Organic Solid Waste Aerobic Composting

摘要:

好氧堆肥是处理有机垃圾的常用手段，但在堆肥过程中存在高温、高pH值以及局部厌氧等情况，导致含氮物质以NH₃、N₂O、N₂等形式逸出体系，从而降低了堆肥产品品质并污染了环境。通过改善堆体环境、提高微生物活性、调控堆体氮循环反应，生物炭、磷镁添加剂、微生物菌剂等外源物质显著降低了堆肥氮损失。介绍了好氧堆肥氮循环的基本机理，综述了近年来物理、化学、生物3类添加剂在控制好氧堆肥氮损失方面的研究成果，总结了外源添加剂对堆肥氮素转化代谢过程的影响机制，最后展望了氮循环路径以及添加剂与基质相互作用方面的研究潜力。

Abstract:

Aerobic composting is a traditional method for organic solid waste treatment. However， high temperatures， high pH values， and anaerobic conditions during the composting process contributed to severe nitrogen loss in the form of NH₃， N₂O， N₂， which exacerbated the pressure of environmental pollution and reduced the quality of compost products. Biochar， phosphorus magnesium additives， microbial inoculants and other exogenous substances were proved to play a significant role in reducing nitrogen loss in the composting process. It was attributed to nitrogen cycle regulation composting by environment optimization and microbial activity improvement. This paper presents the basic mechanism of nitrogen cycle in aerobic composting. Meanwhile， the recent achievements of physical， chemical and biological additives on controlling nitrogen loss in aerobic composting are summarized. Furthermore， the influence mechanism of exogenous additives on nitrogen transformation and metabolism in composting is elucidated. Finally， the potential in nitrogen cycle path and the interaction between additives and matrix in the future research are prospected.