基于曲面力学超材料的吸能减振设计

Energy-Absorption and Vibration-Attenuation Design Using Shell-Based Mechanical Metamaterials

摘要:

爆炸冲击载荷严重威胁了国防和工业装备的服役安全，吸能缓冲材料可有效降低冲击引起的结构振动和破坏。泡沫铝等传统吸能材料力学性能较为单一，设计域大小有限，亟需发展新型吸能缓冲材料。基于冲击响应数值模型，系统研究了冲击过程中多孔材料的吸能机理，表明吸能材料强度适中时才能发挥较好的缓冲减振效果；为了实现吸能材料的定制化设计，进一步基于机器学习和遗传算法设计了具有不同吸能特性的曲面力学超材料，并通过仿真结果验证了曲面力学超材料在吸能减振中的有效性。该研究为新型吸能材料和降冲击优化设计提供了重要的技术支撑。

关键词:吸能;减振;多孔材料;曲面力学超材料

Abstract:

Explosion and impact loadings pose a serious threat to the service safety of defense and industrial equipment. Energy-absorbing materials can effectively reduce structural vibration and the damage caused by impact. Traditional energy-absorbing materials， such as aluminum foam， have a relatively limited design space. Therefore， it is urgent to develop new energy-absorbing materials. In this paper， the energy-absorbing mechanism of porous materials was systematically investigated based on numerical modelling of the impact process. The simulation results indicate that energy-absorbing materials can have a good shock absorption performance only when the strength is appropriate. In order to realize customized design of energy-absorbing materials， shell-based mechanical metamaterials with different energy-absorbing characteristics were designed based on the machine learning and genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the newly designed metamaterials in energy-absorption and vibration-attenuation was verified through simulation results. This study can provide important technical guidelines for the design and optimization of new energy-absorbing materials.

Key words:energy absorption;vibration attenuation;porous materials;shell-based mechanical metamaterials