行星保护标准体系研究

Planetary Protection Standards System

摘要:

我国行星探测工程火星取样返回任务属于国际行星保护政策中的V类限制性返回任务。需开展严格的行星保护工作，避免地球和火星之间出现交叉生物污染，并进而推动取得重大科学发现。依据天问三号任务行星保护设计规范，结合工程任务特点，利用系统工程方法论，进行行星保护工作标准化研究和需求分析，开展行星保护标准体系顶层设计，从纵向和横向两个维度构建了天问三号任务行星保护标准体系框架，制定了天问三号任务行星保护标准规范明细表，支撑了天问三号任务行星保护标准规范体系化建设。该研究成果和经验对提升我国深空探测行星保护工作的标准化水平具有重要借鉴和实践意义。

Abstract:

The Mars sample return mission of China will be the Category V “Restricted Earth return” mission， requiring stringent planetary protection measures to prevent cross-contamination between Earth and Mars and to facilitate groundbreaking scientific discoveries. Based on the planetary protection design specification of the TW-3 mission and considering unique characteristics of the mission， this paper introduces systems engineering methodologies to conduct research and requirement analysis of the standardization of planetary protection for the mission. The top-level design of the planetary protection standards system has been carried out， and a framework for the planetary protection standards system of the mission is constructed from both vertical and horizontal dimensions. Additionally， a detailed list of planetary protection standards is formulated. The work supported the systematic construction of the standardization of planetary protection for the mission. The achievements and experience presented in this paper have significant both referential and practical value for enhancing the standardization level of planetary protection for deep space exploration in China.