超导电动磁浮列车电磁特性及悬浮稳定性控制

Electromagnetic Characteristics and Levitation Stability Control of Superconducting Electrodynamic Maglev Train

摘要:

超导电动磁浮列车运行过程中电磁阻尼较小，借助列车直线同步电机牵引控制，设计悬浮稳定性控制系统，为列车的悬浮稳定提供一种技术手段。以MLX01型超导电动磁浮列车为研究对象，结合单个转向架与地面线圈组成结构的场-路-运动耦合数值模型，揭示了超导电动磁浮列车的悬浮特性。研究了超导电动磁浮列车超导磁场强度、悬浮位移、运行速度以及标准空气气隙之间的关系特性，分析了不同超导磁场强度和标准空气气隙下单个转向架悬浮方向电磁弹簧系数变化规律。采用矢量控制策略实现了超导磁浮列车直线同步电机直轴和交轴分量的解耦，建立了直轴电流与悬浮力之间的数值表达式，设计了悬浮稳定性控制结构，并采用状态反馈实现悬浮系统的极点配置。通过对比采用悬浮稳定性控制结构前后转向架平衡位移响应，证明了采用悬浮控制结构的有效性。研究结果表明，采用悬浮稳定性控制系统可有效抵抗外部干扰，维持列车的悬浮稳定，也可进一步提高列车的乘坐舒适性。

Abstract:

The electromagnetic damping of the superconducting electrodynamic maglev train is low during the operation. With the assistance of the propulsion control of the linear synchronous motor， a levitation stability control system is designed for a technical guarantee for the levitation stability of the train. Taking the superconducting electrodynamic maglev train of the MLX01 as the research object， combined with the field-circuit-motion coupling numerical model composed of a single bogie and ground coils， the levitation characteristics of the superconducting electrodynamic maglev train were revealed. The relationship between superconducting magnetic field strength， levitation displacement， running speed and standard air gap were studied. Analysis was made of the variation law of the electromagnetic spring coefficient in the levitation direction of a single bogie under different superconducting magnetic field strength and standard air gaps. The vector control strategy was adapted to analyze the linear synchronous motor of the superconducting electrodynamic maglev train to realize the decoupling of the components of the direct axis and the quadrature axis， and the numerical expression between the direct axis current and the levitation force was also established. A levitation stability control system was designed， and state feedback is used to realize the pole configuration of the levitation system. The balance displacement response of bogie applied before and after the levitation stability control system were compared， which proved the effectiveness of the levitation control structure. The research results show that the levitation stability control system can effectively resist external disturbances， maintain the levitation stability of the train， and further improve the ride comfort of the train.