制动工况下虚拟轨道列车轮胎‒道路接触应力研究

Tire-Road Contact Stress in Virtual Rail Trains Under Braking Conditions

摘要:

为解决虚拟轨道列车试行过程中车站及十字路口处路面损伤严重的问题，考虑车辆?轮胎?路面的相互作用，通过构建虚拟轨道列车动力学模型获取动态轮胎力，采用Abaqus有限元软件建立了花纹轮胎和黏弹性沥青路面模型，根据任意拉格朗日?欧拉（ALE）法分析比较了匀速、制动工况下轮胎与路面的接触应力特征，并研究了滑移率和载荷对制动工况接触应力的影响。结果表明：制动时的纵向应力是造成道路破坏的主要原因，滑移率和载荷对制动时的接触应力有显著的影响。制动工况下最大纵向应力比匀速工况增大约979 kPa；当滑移率从0.02增大到0.06时，最大纵向应力增大约99.8 %；当载荷从40 kN增大到50 kN时，轮胎边缘最大纵向应力增大约98.8 %。因此，在列车运行时应尽量避免制动，同时列车载荷应处于合理的区间内。

Abstract:

To address the problem of serious road damage at stations and intersections during the trial run of virtual rail trains， the vehicle-tire-road interaction is considered， and the dynamic tire forces are obtained by constructing a virtual rail train dynamics model with Abaqus finite element software to develop a tread tire and viscoelastic asphalt pavement model， and the tire-road contact stresses at uniform speed and under braking conditions are analyzed and compared based on the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler（ALE） method. The contact stress characteristics of tire and pavement at uniform speed and under braking conditions are analyzed and compared based on the ALE method， and the effects of slip rate and load on the contact stress of braking conditions were studied. The results show that the longitudinal stress during braking is the main cause of road damage， and the slip rate and load have a significant effect on the contact stress during braking. The maximum longitudinal stress under braking conditions increases by approximately 979 kPa compared to uniform speed conditions. When the slip rate increases from 0.02 to 0.06， the maximum longitudinal stress increases by approximately 99.8 %. When the load increases from 40 kN to 50 kN， the maximum longitudinal stress at the edge of the tire increases by approximately 98.8 %. Therefore， braking should be avoided as much as possible when the train is running， and at the same time the train load should be in a reasonable range.