基于能源排放统计的动力系统CO2排放比较

Comparison of the Overall CO2 Emissions of Different Powertrain Systems Depending on the Energy Sector Emissions

摘要:

私人交通领域要实现可循环和可持续经济，就需要对二氧化碳排放有一个全面认知。从车辆能源供应角度看，要实现循环经济，需要去化石能源，发展可再生能源和绿色能源。在评估车辆动力系统的二氧化碳排放时，需要考虑从源头到末端的整个车辆能源供应系统的排放。本文选择了三种最常见的车辆能源动力系统，并选择了一个适用于对比的配置，来对比不同动力系统的二氧化碳排放情况。三种动力系统分别是电池电动汽车，燃料电池汽车及合成燃料混动汽车。本文首先介绍了三种动力系统的性能指标及其特性；其次对这三种动力系统的二氧化碳排放情况进行对比分析，包括整车和能源供应过程的排放，展示从源头到末端，车辆在其整个生命周期内的二氧化碳总排放量；最后通过对结果的分析与讨论，确定了最适用的车辆能源动力总成系统。

关键词:车辆;能源供应;动力系统;碳排放

Abstract:

A circular and sustainable economy for the private transport sector requires a holistic view of the emitted CO₂ emissions. Looking at the energy supplied to the vehicle in terms of a circular economy leads to defossilisation. The remaining energy sources or forms are renewable electric energy， green hydrogen and renewable fuels. A holistic view of the CO₂ emissions of these energy sources and forms and the resulting powertrain technologies must take into account all cradle-to-grave emissions for both the vehicle and the energy supply. In order to compare the different forms of energy， the three most relevant forms of powertrain technology are considered and a configuration is chosen that allows for an appropriate comparison. For this purpose， data from the FVV project “Powertrain 2040” are used^［1］ and combined with research data on the energy supply chain for passenger cars. The three comparable powertrain configurations are a battery electric vehicle， a fuel cell electric vehicle and an internal combustion engine hybrid vehicle fueled with electric fuel. First， the three selected powertrain configurations are presented in terms of their performance， weight， technology and other characteristics. A comparative analysis is carried out for different CO₂ emissions of the electricity mix. The electricity mix is used for both the production of the vehicle and the energy. The results are presented in the form of cradle-to-wheel emissions， which consider the total CO₂ emissions of the vehicle over its life cycle. Finally， the results are analyzed and discussed to determine which powertrain technology fits best into which energy sector CO₂ emissions window.

Key words:vehicles;energy supply;power system;carbon emission