动态光照对密闭空间人员睡眠节律和警觉性的长期影响

Long-Term Effects of Dynamic Lighting on Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Alertness of Individuals in Confined Spaces

摘要:

为研究人在长期缺乏采光的密闭空间内容易发生昼夜节律紊乱和睡眠障碍的问题，对20名被试者在地下密闭空间内进行了连续4周的光照实验，且每周采用一种光照模式，测量睡前的褪黑素、皮质醇、主观困倦度和核心体温，监测睡眠主观评价得分、入睡潜伏期、夜间反应时间和错误率等指标，由实验可知，第1周采用恒定光照模式，睡前褪黑素浓度和困倦度逐天降低，核心体温逐天增加；第2周作息时间强制前移了2 h；第3周采用动态光照模式，在夜间采用强光刺激，睡前核心体温和皮质醇浓度提高，褪黑素浓度和主观困倦度下降，睡眠得分和睡眠潜伏期逐天增加，睡眠质量逐天变差，反应时间变短、错误率降低；第4周采用晨间强光刺激和夜间暗光保护的动态光照模式，睡前褪黑素浓度和困倦度显著提升、核心体温和睡眠潜伏期逐天降低，睡眠质量逐渐改善。光照对昼夜节律和睡眠质量的影响存在逐天累积的效应，通过动态光照模式可针对性地帮助密闭空间内的人员保持昼夜节律的稳定性和适应各自的轮班作业时间。

Abstract:

Individuals who spend long periods of time in confined spaces that lack light are prone to problems such as circadian rhythm disruption and sleep disorders. This paper investigates the impact of lighting on 20 subjects in an underground confined space over 4 consecutive weeks， with different lighting pattern applied each week. Melatonin， cortisol， subjective sleepiness， and core body temperature are measured at bedtime， while metrics such as subjective sleep scores， sleep onset latency， nocturnal reaction time， and error rate are monitored. The results show that a daily decrease in melatonin concentration and sleepiness at bedtime and a daily increase in core body temperature under the constant lighting pattern in the 1st week. In the 2nd week， the routine is advanced by 2 hours. In the 3rd week， a dynamic lighting pattern with bright light stimulation at night led to an increase in core body temperature and cortisol concentration at bedtime， a decrease in melatonin concentration and subjective sleepiness， as well as a daily increase in sleep scores and sleep latency. Additionally， sleep quality deteriorated daily， with shorter reaction times and lower error rates. In the 4th week， a dynamic lighting pattern of strong lighting stimulation in the morning and dim light protection at night resulted in a significant increase in melatonin concentration and sleepiness at bedtime， as well as a day-by-day decrease in core body temperature and sleep latency. Sleep quality gradually improved over the week. These findings suggest that the effects of lighting on circadian rhythms and sleep quality cumulate over time. Dynamic lighting patterns can be strategically used to help people in the confined spaces maintain stable circadian rhythms and adapt to respective shift work schedules.