货运车辆事故场景构建及致因分析

Truck Crash Scenarios Construction and Causation Analysis

摘要:

基于事故数据、实车车载数据构建了货运车辆事故场景，推导了40类货运车辆功能场景。结合车辆运动参数、驾驶行为参数对货运车辆事故场景进行参数描述，形成了货运车辆逻辑场景。基于驾驶可靠性及错误性分析方法，挖掘了货运车辆事故致因链，分析了货运车辆事故致因。研究发现：追尾、侧碰是主要的货运车辆事故场景，占比分别为24.7%、37.2%。对于纵向碰撞场景，驾驶人反应时间、制动力度、跟车距离是影响货运车辆纵向碰撞的重要因素；对于横向碰撞场景，不同场景下驾驶人货车横向偏移距离、转向角度存在差异，驾驶人车道偏离行为差异是影响货运车辆纵向碰撞风险的重要因素。驾驶人制动力度不足、过晚采取动作、跟车距离过近是导致纵向碰撞事故的关键原因；车辆行驶方向错误、驾驶人过晚采取制动及车速过高是导致横向碰撞的事故致因。

Abstract:

The pre-crash scenarios for trucks were constructed based on crash data and real world in-vehicle data. Forty types of functional scenarios for trucks were derived， and the logical scenarios for trucks were parametrically described by combining vehicle motion parameters and driving behavior parameters. The crash causation chain for trucks were mined and the crash causations were analyzed by the Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method （DREAM）. It was found that： Rear-end and side collision were the main trucks crash scenarios， accounting for 24.7% and 37.2%， respectively. For longitudinal collision scenarios， driver reaction time， braking effort， and following distance are important factors affecting the crashes of trucks. Differences in lateral departure distance and steering angle for longitudinal scenarios. Differences in drivers' lane departure behavior are important factors affecting the risk of crashes for trucks. Inadequate braking， late action， and too close a following distance are the key causes of longitudinal collisions. Wrong direction of travel， late braking and too high speed are the causes of lateral collisions.