基于轨旁声学信号时域特征的移动点声源定位方法

Moving Point Sound Source Localization Method Based on Time Domain Characteristics of Trackside Acoustic Signals

摘要:

为了探明地铁轨旁噪声特性与车轮踏面几何缺陷的关系，需要准确定位移动列车轮轨噪声源的空间位置。提出一种基于轨旁信号环境相干性的噪声源定位方法：首先，通过布设传感器阵列采集声学信号；其次，基于欧氏范数优化了轨旁声学时域信号的到达时间差（TDOA）计算方法；最后，与传统方法进行对比，验证了这种改进的移动声源定位方法的可行性。结果表明：该方法在速度小于60 km·h^-1时具有较好的误差稳定性；对于定位范围而言，在预测角度θ<59.5°范围内计算误差较小；该方法能对信噪比高于40 dB的信号实现移动点声源的高精度定位，具有较好的鲁棒性。

Abstract:

To investigate the relationship between the characteristics of trackside noise and the geometric defects of the wheel tread in subways， it is necessary to accurately locate the spatial position of the wheel-rail noise source of the moving train. A noise source localization method based on the coherence of trackside signal environment is proposed. First， acoustic signals are collected by deploying sensor arrays. Then， the time difference of arrival （TDOA） calculation method for trackside acoustic time-domain signals was optimized using the Euclidean norm. Finally， the feasibility of this improved moving sound source localization method was verified by comparing it with traditional methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better error stability at speeds below 60 km·h^－1. Regarding the localization range， the method performs well within a predicted angle range of θ < 59.5°. The proposed method achieves high-precision localization of moving point sound sources for signals with a signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） above 40 dB.