亚热带城市84种常见园林树种的抗火性评价

Fire-resistance Capability Evaluation of 84 Landscape Tree Species in Subtropical Cities

摘要:

聚焦上海、重庆两大亚热带城市的84种园林树种，运用实地调研、试验燃烧与形态解剖的手段，测定了叶、枝、皮多维度性状指标，构建了综合抗火性评估模型以评价树木抗火性能。通过相关性分析，明确了枝叶特性是影响树种抗火性的关键因子，其多项指标与抗火性紧密相关；燃烧特征为主导因子；功能性状指标有重要指示作用。试验发现刺桐、珊瑚树、夹竹桃等8种树种抗火性强；白兰、蓝花楹、木棉等8种抗火性弱；新优树种中蓝冰柏抗火性较强，其他均较弱。基于此，结合上海和重庆两个城市的绿地空间特征提出差异化抗火种植方案，以提升园林树种在火灾逆境下的生态韧性，确保城市绿化体系的生态安全和绿地健康。

Abstract:

This study focuses on 84 landscape tree species in two major subtropical cities such as Shanghai City and Chongqing City. Based on a field survey， experimental combustion and morphological anatomical to determine multi-dimensional indicators of leaves， branches and barks， and a comprehensive fire resistance assessment model was constructed to evaluate the fire- resistance capability of trees. The correlation analysis results show that branches and leaves are key to fire- resistance capability of tree species， and the combustion character is the dominate factor， instead， functional traits have a certain indicative effect. The experiment results verify that 8 tree species including Erythrina variegata， Viburnum odoratissimum， and Nerium oleander，etc. have strong fire- resistance ability while 8 tree species including Michelia alba， Jacaranda mimosifolia， and Bombax ceiba，etc. have weak ability for fire-resistance； among the new-introduced species， Cupressus arizonica ‘Blue Ice’ has a stronger fire-resistance abilityin comparison with the other species. Based on the study results and the green space characteristics of Shanghai City and Chongqing City， a differentiated fire-resistant planting plan is proposed to enhance the ecological resilience of landscape tree species， ensuring the ecological safety of urban green systems and the health of green spaces.