液氢加氢站冷能回套管式换热器设计与优化

Design and Optimization of Double-pipe Heat Exchanger for Cold Energy Recovery in Liquid Hydrogen Refueling Stations

摘要:

为实现对氢燃料电池汽车的高速加注，加氢过程需对氢气进行预冷处理。传统预冷系统依赖外部制冷循环，显著增加了加氢站的运行能耗和成本。提出在液氢加氢站中集成能量管理系统，通过套管式换热器和载冷剂R1233zd（E）从液氢中获取冷能，实现无需外部冷能输入的氢气预冷。建立了套管式换热器的仿真模型并分析换热过程，考虑了流体和材料温度变化对换热的影响、载冷剂的结冰风险、压降及循环泵的能耗等因素，优化了换热器结构。结果表明，该系统冷能回收量达到1 800至2 000kJ·kg^-1，循环泵消耗功耗约2 500W，为液氢加氢站的冷能回收设计提供了依据。

Abstract:

To achieve fast filling times for fuel cell electric vehicles， it is necessary to precool the hydrogen before dispensing. Traditional precooling systems rely on external refrigeration cycles， significantly increasing the energy consumption and operating costs of hydrogen refueling stations. This work proposes integrating thermal management system into liquid hydrogen refueling stations， utilizing a double-pipe heat exchanger and the refrigerant R1233zd（E） to recover cryogenic cold energy from liquid hydrogen， enabling hydrogen precooling without external cooling input. A numerical model of the double-pipe heat exchanger was developed to analyze the heat exchange process， the effects of fluid and material temperature variations on heat transfer， refrigerant freezing risks， pressure drop， and pump energy consumption was considered， thereby optimizing the heat exchanger design. Results indicate that the system achieves a cold energy recovery rate of 1 800 to 2 000 kJ·kg^-1 with a pump power consumption of approximately 2 500 W， aiding in designing of cold energy recovery in liquid hydrogen refueling stations.