风力机缩尺模型优化设计和偏航气动性能大涡模拟

Optimization Design of Wind Turbine Scaled Model and Large Eddy Simulation of Aerodynamic Performance Under Yaw Conditions

摘要:

基于NSGA?Ⅱ多目标优化算法，综合考虑推力和功率相似，开发了一种新的风力机缩尺模型气动设计方法。通过优化设计，建立了1∶200国际能源署（IEA）大型风力 机（IEA?15 MW）缩尺模型。基于该模型，采用大涡模 拟（LES）方法，研究了不同大气边界层（ABL）来流条件下偏航风力机的气动特性。研究结果表明，风切变和塔影效应会引发旋转叶片气动力的周期性波动；偏航操作能够减小风力机的轴向气动力，但会引入额外的俯仰力矩和偏航力矩，特别是在高风切变和湍流度时更为显著；转子气动力的脉动值基本与来流湍流强度呈正相关。

Abstract:

A novel aerodynamic design method for scaled wind turbine models was developed based on the NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algorithm， considering both thrust and power similarity. Using this method， a 1∶200 scaled model of the International Energy Agency （IEA） large wind turbine （IEA-15MW） was established. Large eddy simulation （LES） was then employed to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of a yawed wind turbine under various atmospheric boundary layer （ABL） inflow conditions. The results show that wind shear and tower shadow effects induce periodic fluctuations in the aerodynamic forces on the rotating blades. Yaw operation reduces the axial aerodynamic force of the wind turbine but introduces additional pitch and yaw moments， particularly under high wind shear and turbulent conditions. The pulsation amplitudes of rotor aerodynamic forces generally increase with the turbulence intensity of the inflow.