低地板有轨电车车体垂向异常振动原因

Cause Analysis of Vertical Abnormal Vibration in Low-Floor Tram Carbody

摘要:

某5模块有轨电车在时速超过50 km·h^-1时出现车体垂向异常振动，影响运行平稳性。通过试验与仿真分析发现，车体6~10 Hz范围内的垂向振动是主要原因，尤其是8 Hz主振频率，表现为车体间点头运动模态。通过参数化分析确定该模态与弹性铰纵向刚度不足密切相关，实测仅为12.13 MN·m^-1，远低于设计值。调整刚度至设计要求后，振动现象消失，平稳性明显改善。研究表明，铰接刚度不足是异常振动根源，建议定期检测并动态调节铰接装置参数以保障运行品质。

Abstract:

A five-module tram experienced abnormal vertical carbody vibrations when speeds exceeded 50 km·h?1， affecting ride smoothness. Experimental and simulation analyses revealed that vertical vibrations in the range of 6–10 Hz， especially at the main frequency of 8 Hz， were the primary cause， manifesting as a nodding motion between carbody units. Parametric analysis showed that this vibration mode is closely related to insufficient longitudinal stiffness of the elastic articulation， measured at only 12.13 MN·m?1， far below the design specification. After adjusting the stiffness to meet design requirements， the vibration was eliminated， and stability significantly improved. The study indicates that insufficient articulation stiffness is the root cause of the abnormal vibration recommends regular inspection and dynamic adjustment of articulation parameters to ensure operational quality.