Evacuation Simulation in Narrow Passage Under Fire Scenario Based on Cellular Automaton

Abstract:

The cellular automaton (CA)based floor field model has been widely applied to addressing the issues concerning the 2D evacuation. It is found that the existing floor field models mainly focus on the behavioral features based on the location of the exit and following others in the lead, but the influence of fire expansion and local congestion is not fully considered, resulting in the inability to precisely simulate the evacuation process in such scenarios. In reality, the moving directions of occupants are heavily dependent on the expansion of fire, while the moving needs of occupants are remarkably influenced by the congestion in the adjacent pedestrian flow. Correspondingly, in this paper, the fire scenario based moving direction is proposed to describe the moving direction affected by fireinduced panic; the pedestrian flow based expected velocity is proposed to address the moving need affected by local congestions, in a bid to modify the present models. The parameter analysis based on the proposed model indicates that the overall evacuation time and the average death toll vary when considering the scenario based moving intention and expected velocity; the overall evacuation time will be underestimated while the average death toll will be overestimated if these two behavior features are not incorporated.