Automatic Modeling of LoD3 Building Windows Combined with Point Cloud and Image

Abstract:

This paper addresses key issues such as difficulty in describing window geometry and structural parameters by combining building point clouds with facade image. It uses machine learning algorithms to identify and extract windows in the image， and performs line feature extraction and fitting on the window image to obtain the required window structure type. In addition， it conducts grid division and window contour extraction on the building point cloud to obtain the required geometric parameters. Moreover， based on the extracted structure type and geometric parameters， it retrieves the model template from the window model library and modified to achieve efficient modeling of building windows. The windows extraction accuracy of the proposed method can reach 89.5%， and the geometric accuracy is within 5 cm.