Numerical Research on Aerodynamic Noise Characteristics in the Pantograph of High-Speed Trains in Tunnel

Abstract:

This research investigates the flow field structure and aerodynamic noise characteristics in the pantograph region of high-speed trains operating within tunnels. The interaction between the pantograph and surrounding air intensifies during tunnel operation due to air compression ahead of the train. While the aerodynamic characteristics of pantographs during open-air operation have been extensively documented， limited research addresses the aerodynamic drag and noise generation when trains traverse tunnels. This study employs the IDDES method to analyze the flow field around a 1/6 scale high-speed train model equipped with a pantograph. The analysis reveals the transient flow field characteristics and determines velocity and pressure distributions in the pantograph region. Through detailed sound field analysis using WE， the research establishes the sound power levels， frequency distribution， and directivity patterns in relation to the incoming flow direction. The simulation results demonstrate a strong correlation between pantograph noise distribution and the surrounding flow structure. These findings provide valuable insights for noise control strategies in the pantograph region of high-speed trains operating within tunnels.