Abstract:Shaking table model test on high-rise buildings considering liquefiable soil-structure interaction is described in this paper. A flexible container was fabricated to minimize the box effect. Saturated sand soil was employed as model soil. In the test, macro-phenomena of high-rise building in ground of soil liquefaction due to natural earthquake are reproduced well. Some important findings from the present tests are as follows. The mode shape of the system is different from that of the structure on the fixed base in that there are rocking and swing at the foundation. The natural frequency of interaction system decrease and the damping ratio of soil increase with the increase of the shaking. The liquefied soil can filter and isolate vibration. The phenomena of transient minus pore pressure occurred in the test. Pore water pressure does not always dissipate in short time immediately after the excitations, but it may keep on increasing too. The distribution of the strain amplitude along the pile is the shape where the large strain is at the top of the pile and the small strain is at the tip of the pile. And the distribution of the contact pressure on the pile-soil interface is related to the excitation magnitude.

Abstract:Important structures may be fatally damaged by extreme events such as terrorist attack. Structural vulnerability analysis is becoming one of efficient theoretical methods to improve structural design, so as to increase structural safety. Structural topological vulnerability analysis can reveal the inherent structural weakness which is irrelevant to the external load by focusing on the internal factor of structural vulnerability. The matrix analysis method was used to study the structure geometrical stability which is a measurement of structural performance. A 2-D and a 3-D truss structures were used to study the effectiveness of the allocation of redundant components in structures, as well as the impact extent of different vulnerable scenarios to structural performance. It is found that the reasonable allocation of the redundant components may limit the vulnerable scenario to a relatively small region, whereas blindly increasing component redundancy may not serve any purpose to reduce the structural vulnerability; furthermore, due to the existence of local mechanisms, the event impact to the structural system is different for various vulnerable scenarios. With the help of topological vulnerability analysis, measures can be taken to reduce the structural vulnerability.

Abstract:For the prestressed concrete girder with broad bottom slab such as box girder or trough girder, if the girder has no transverse prestressing, longitudinal cracks are probably appeared. The reason is that the concrete of bottom slab is subjected to longitudinal prestressing and transverse bending, in the biaxial stress condition of tension and compression. What’s more, the longitudinal cracks are more harmful. But there is no specific regulation in the Professional Standard of the People’s Republic of China JTG D62-2004 and TB10002.3-2005, and for the parallel codes in other countries, they are also considered uncompleted, but useful for reference. To ensure the use of bridge the codes should make a definite regulation.

Abstract:Different from Previous solution，Least Square Model Solution of difference form of integrated exponential functional model is put forward to determine Parameters of integrated exponential function. Combining with field test, analyze the feature of fitted Q-S curve right by integrated exponential functional model. Then, discuss the reason of determining ultimate bearing capacity of single piles by the largest Curvature point of integrated exponential function. Last, For no broken single piles in field test，researched the feasibility of predicting ultimate bearing capacity of single piles and its top settlement by the largest Curvature point of Q-S curve，obtained conditions of predicting ultimate bearing capacity and limitations of predicting top settlement of no damaging single piles.

Abstract:The authors modified a falling head permeameter in order to explore the hydraulic conductivity of hydraulic fill under impact loading. A number of laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effect of impact loading on permeability coefficient of hydraulic fill with different fine content, impact energy, impact passes and the interval time after hitting. It was found that the effect of fine content on permeability of hydraulic fill after impacting exists a “critical value” which was between 20% and 30%. Based on the test results, an approximate formula was developed to predict the coefficient of permeability of hydraulic fill with different fine content after hitting.

Abstract:The systematic theoretical analysis and experimental study on distributed fiber optical strain sensing precision are performed from perspective of mechanics for the first time. Based on considering the mechanical coupling action between optical fiber and matrix, the analytical approach and model for analyzing the coupling effect namely strain transfer relationship is established systematically, the theoretical formulation and strain measurement precision range are obtained. The effects of fiber optical coating parameters on optical fiber’s ability to perceive strain are analyzed, and according to analytical results the sensing optical fiber sensing sample applicable to practical engineering is developed. The experiments with distributed strain measurement for ordinary communication optical fiber and developed sample are conducted respectively. It is found the outcomes of theoretical analysis of strain measurement precision tend to be higher, but not exceed measured data by 2%, which shows the proposed analytical approach is basically applicable.

Abstract:The coupling characters of cross diffusion among heat, water vapor and contaminant gas in building room were analyzed according to the non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory. Cross diffusion relationship of heat, water vapor and contaminant gas mass transfer and influence of temperature distribution on cross diffusion level were obtained. The cross diffusion characters and level under different temperature distribution were discussed, for diverse relative humidity and contaminant gas concentration in building room. The results show that water vapor and contaminant gas mass grads are less than zero when temperature grads and thermal diffusion coefficient are both positive/negative, otherwise the two mass grads are more than zero. And the higher the initial humidity and contaminant gas concentration are, the greater the absolute values of water vapor and contaminant gas mass grads are for the same temperature grads and thermal diffusion coefficient, and influences of initial humidity and initial contaminant gas concentration levels on the two mass grads are remarkable.

Abstract:In order to meet the using demand of Zhongzhi 6th and 9th bathing places in 2008’s summer, a project of beach nourishment with submerged breakwater is carried out by Qinhuangdao Mineral Resource and Hydrogeological Brigade, Hebei Geological Prospecting Bureau. In this paper the beach nourishment project is modeled using GENESIS model, and a result which fits well with the measured shoreline is gotten. With the same model and parameters, long-term performance of the project is simulated, and the result shows that without follow-up nourishment and project, the bathing places can keep suitable for bathing in only 2 to 3 years. So it is proposed to nourish the beaches in time to keep the beach’s use in recent years and carry out the beach nourishment project of west beach as soon as possible.

Abstract:The tremendous visitors of Expo 2101 Shanghai should test the responsive ability of urban transport system in Shanghai, and the trip mode choice result of Expo visitors should impact the special operations for Expo traffic and the routine management measures for urban traffic directly. Considering the complexity of background of Expo visitors, a two-stage gradual stated preference survey method is presented for the large-scale trip mode choice survey of Expo visitors. Based on these survey data, the effects of different factors were analyzed and three kinds of multinomial logit model for the trip mode choice behavior of local visitors, out-of-town one-day-trip visitors and out-of-town lodging visitors were provided in this paper. At last, several traffic management measures and policies for Expo 2010 Shanghai were contracted in scenario analysis. Suggestions were proposed for Expo 2010 Shanghai.

Abstract:This paper analyzed relevance between urban spatial elements, traffic space, transport means and traffic patterns, and discussed synthetic solutions of urban transportation. Then, we researched urban and traffic development patterns, experience and specific ways from London, Hong Kong, Los Angeles and Curitiba, and figured out problems between Kunming’ spatial development and traffic state of affairs. Finally we gave strategy and method of Kunming’s urban spatial integration based on the traffic space. And these research results provide theoretical, empirical and strategic guidance and inspiration for other urban development and traffic improvement.

Abstract:This paper investigated the utility of transportation management policy considering impact of management blind zone. Blind zone is a special phenomenon which is almost free from management measures. Travel by government-owned cars (GOC) is a kind of blind zone which was taken as a case study. Firstly, objective of government and travelers were analyzed. The governmental objective was formulated as maximum vitality of the urban center and mitigation of traffic congestion. Travelers’ objective was to maximize their travel utility. Then Stackelberg game theory was adopted to describe the equilibrium between government and travelers. With assumption of travel utility function, the output of the game model was solved graphically considering whether the urban center was developed or not. It is shown that for a developed center, the higher the proportion of travel by GOC, the lower the utility of traffic management policy. And the utility of the whole transportation system is decreased while GOC proportion increases.

Abstract:A new strategy to optimize reserve time arrangement——Curved Train Path (CTP) has been developed, and allowance is set by sections, this method decreases delay level, improves capacity utility and balances three parameters of timetable quality. In the aim of maximum passenger economic benefit, the principle to choose timetable variants under this strategy is determined. Finally, take a local passenger line for example, different timetable variants based on CTP strategy have been simulated and analyzed with Railsys® software. Average delay along the train path under different allowance percentage has been evaluated, and the optimal timetable variant has been confirmed.

Abstract:Since the rigid and semi-rigid materials being commonly employed to be as base in cement concrete highways construction in China, based upon a model of double-layered structure with unequal planar dimensions resting on an elastic foundation, by using the finite element method, the maximum loading stress locations and magnitudes, corresponding axle load positions and the effect of multi-axle loads are thoroughly discussed, the influence lines of the maximum stresses under moving axle loads are also analyzed; while axle loads acting on different pavement positions (including offset of axle loads) the loading stresses in pavement structure with/without base extension are discussed; furthermore, the coupling effect of temperature curling and axle loads action jointly is also studied, However, the results can provide a sound basis for determining the critical locations in cement concrete pavement structure.

Abstract:Factors affecting the stress level of subgrade were investigated through systemic parameter analysis, and then a 3D finite element model was established and used for load stress analysis. For typical cement concrete pavement structure, the stress of subgrade was calculated under all kinds of gear weight and configuration. Analysis result indicates that the depth of subgrade workaround and the stress level in the region were raised with increasing the gear weight and the number of axis. The stress induced by multi-axis was overlapped in the deep-seated subgrade. The stress state of subgrade was calculated by adding the at-rest pressure to the load stress which was compute by finite element analysis. The statistical result of stress state illustrates that the maximums and minimums principal stress was ranged in 30~70kPa and 10~40kPa respectively, and the principal stress ration was fluctuated between 1.9 and 6.0. The magnitude of stress in subgrade was increased 10kPa when the applied load enhanced from 100kN to 200kN, which will impact the mechanical behavior of subgrade dramatically. Thus, it is need to consider the stress-dependent behavior of subgrade in pavement design.

Abstract:Through the establishment of ABAQUS 3D-FEM model， the contrast between test deflection basin curve and calculate deflection basin curve, a more precise method is proposed to calculate void parameters. It analyses the influence of all kinds of void to loading stresses of airport cement concrete pavement. The result shows that in finite element software calculation pavement deflection, the replacement of pulse load by static load has little effect on the calculation results, the subgrade of void region is not completely divorced from the surface, and its response modulus has certain discount from original value, influence of void to loading stresses of airport cement concrete pavement reaches 80%.

Abstract:This article summarizes the Riedel–Hiermaier–Thoma (RHT) concrete model in detail and demonstrates its basic characteristic by numerical simulation of the single brick element under the uniaxial compression and uniaxial tensile loads. Then the model is applied in the projectile perforation reinforced concrete simulation, both the spallation damage on the front and back face of concrete slab and rupture damage phenomenon in the inner of slab are well presented in the simulation, the residual velocity of projectile predicated by numerical simulation is in good agreement with experimental results reported by Hanchak. Besides, it is also find that there is little influence of the reinforced bar and the similarity angle on deviatoric plane to the residual velocity of projectile in the simulation.

Abstract:Phase change materials (PCM) can be applied in mass concrete to prevent thermal cracks.Phase change material was added to fresh concrete when casting,latent heat in phase change material was released or absorbed in a certain temperature to control temperature in mass concrete.Temperature measurement system was designed to test temperature-control properties of PCM concrete.The results show that phase change material can reduce maximum temperature in concrete; furthermore,it can reduce temperature increase and decrease velocity so as to prevent thermal cracks in mass concrete.

Abstract:The blank model of large-scale concrete component was established by measuring characteristic points outside the machining line, and then through Age-Adjusted effective modulus method, the concrete creep was calculated. Based on fitting algorithm of least-squares estimation in target location, the position fitting algorithm for creep compensation was given to obtain the accurate blank model for machining. When machining, just a few characteristic points are needed to match with component blank model based on creep compensation algorithm, and then the machining model can be built. The machining results about a prestressed concrete track girder show that the fitting precision calculated by position fitting algorithm is very close to that by remeasuring all characteristic points of machining line.

Abstract:Based on analysis of the working mechanism，the mathematical model of balance control system for excavating face of slurry shield was founded. Controllers that will be applied to control the pressure of the gases in the bubble cabin and to control the level of the slurry were designed. Simulation of these different controllers designed was carried out respectively in employed alone or combined situations for comparison. The influence of the disturbance to the control system was analyzed, and the way to deal with it was given. The best control method and the automatic shift way according to the different situation were also presented to give the unified digital control model.

Abstract:According to the gear engagement theory, the gearing equation between plastic helical gear and steel worm was carried out. The bulk temperature field of the gear pair was established based on MSC.Patran/Nastran. Use FEM to analyze and gain the inherent relationship between load、buck temperature and environmental temperature in the process of heat balance . By means of Hertz contact theory the correctness was verified on finite element analysis. As was turned out: in the transmission process，heat from the meshing gear tooth surface gradually spread to face and non-working tooth surface, when heat was balanced the highest temperature was around the central pitch circle of the meshing gear tooth and the lowest was on the end gear.

Abstract:This paper re-examines the controllability of a class of switched linear systems which has different systematic matrices and the same input matrix. Investigations reveal that the necessary and sufficient condition derived in literatures is a false proposition: it only holds for second-order systems, while the necessity is not always true for systems of third and higher order. We also prove that the first invariant subspace is a proper subset of controllable state set rather than the whole of it. Finally, a counterexample is presented to illustrate the conclusion.

Abstract:An Edged Extend Fast Fourier Transform (EFFT) channel interpolation algorithm is proposed. The presented EFFT algorithm can extend linear mirror pilots nearby the edge of the effective frequency band of each OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Divided Multiplexing) symbol and the performance of channel estimation is enhanced by the added mirror pilots. The simulation results show that the performance of the EFFT channel interpolation algorithm is similar to that of Wiener filter channel estimation algorithm under the condition of low SNR and modulation mode, while there was about 1dB improvement when compared to traditional FFT channel interpolation algorithm. The complexity of the EFFT channel interpolation was similar to that of traditional FFT channel interpolation algorithm and there is a significant reduction of calculations when compared to Wiener filter channel estimation algorithm. Moreover, the EFFT channel interpolation is suitable for the existing standards and has no influence on the transmission efficiencies.

Abstract:Image reprojection is a technique to generate novel images by projecting a reference image of any view. This paper first discusses the properties of the image reprojection when the camera rotates around its optical center. Then the methods for making the image planes parallel based on the properties are introduced. Finally, application of the image reprojection for epipolar line rectification is presented. A new epipolar line rectification method, which is characterized by reprojecting the images so as to make their image planes parallel, is given. The experiment results show that the presented rectification method works accurately with low image distortion.

Abstract:By matching the image to vector map, the vector data is the reference. Thereinto, some vector of ground object are edge line and others are center line. It is necessary to keep the consistency between the result of image line-feature extraction and vector data. Here two kinds of detection algorithm are put forward. The first one is based on symmetric wavelet and applied to extract the edge line in the image. The second one aims at detecting the center line of the ground object from image through OTSU segment and morphologic processing. which are the basis of matching between imagery and vector map. Since the line moment is suitable for expressing vector data, we have studied one matching method with three rotation-invariant moment parameters. This method brings more effective and better matching results.

Abstract:The definition of spatial cylindrical surfaces is extended, amplifying on the definition of corresponding planar curves. Fitting of the spatial cylindrical surface using genetic algorithm is suggested in this paper. Taking the fitting of cylinder surface for example, the principle and method of spatial cylindrical surface fitting based on genetic algorithm is described. Express parameters are to be identified in this method. Non-independent parameters are constrained. Objective function is built based on least squares method. Optimization is achieved using GA. The effectiveness and advantage in fitting precision of the method proposed in this paper is testified using an engineering example.

Abstract:Based on partial least squares regression, a novel geographical cellular automata model (PLS-CA) is proposed for simulating urban growth and expansion. In definition of CA transition rules, numerous highly correlated independent spatial variables are utilized for obtaining more actual simulation results. Conventional methods, such as multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) and principal component analysis (PCA), have difficult in remove the harmful effects of correlation. Using partial least squares regression (PLS) integrated with Geo-CA and GIS, a new CA model is created for optimizing the simulation of urban growth and expansion. The PLS-CA model has been successfully applied to simulate urban growth of Jiading district, Shanghai from 1989 to 2006. And the simulation results show that the accuracy of PLS-CA is higher than that of conventional CA models.

Abstract:In this paper study the pricing of Credit Default Swap(CDS), and its reference bond has the structure of credit ranks. Considering bond can jump from one credit ranks to another, which might lead to a fact that the default probability and recovery rate are always changing, we construct a conditional expectation with respect to rank and time to maturity in order to price CDS’s premium and value by using transition matrix and recovery vector. Then by reducing the conditional expectation, we obtain two ODE systems corresponding to coupon leg and default leg, respectively. Furthermore, both explicit solution of ODE system are given to determine the premium of CDS. Finally numerical analysis is given to show effectiveness of the proposed model.

Abstract:After analysing the suddenness,unexpectedness and other features of unconventional emergency , decision maker must dynamicly adjust the contingency plans according to the outcomes of phases and the changes of emergency and the judgement of experts’ preference. First of all, a mathematical model is established by using dynamic games. Then the process of sequential games between decision maker and emergency is analyzed in detail. The information about the future demand of resources is got through finitely sequential games in order to bring forth the optimal scheduling plans of resources and to provide support for the decision-making when an emergency bursts out. Finally , the method of how to use the model of sequential games to generate the best scheduling plans is given by a specific example.