Abstract:In order to solve the problem of size optimization of truss structures with stress and displacement constraints,immune clonal selection algorithm was adopted in this paper.Based on immunology theory,the Elitist Strategy was introduced to improve basic immune clonal selection algorithm,and the reasonable values of coefficients were proposed for improved algorithm.Penalty function method was used to deal with violated constraints in numerical model of truss structure optimal design.Several classical problems were solved by such improved algorithm.The numerical results show that the improved algorithm with good convergence and robustness can be applied to truss structure design.

Abstract:Although the influence of tree canopy usually can not be ignored in the research on the wind environment around buildings,the numerical simulation of the turbulence flow over a vegetated surface is rather complicated.The method of adding additional source/sink terms in the turbulence and momentum transport equations combining with the roughness modification of wall boundary was applied to appropriately model the effect of the tree canopy.Firstly,the new additional source term model for the turbulence frequency ω equation in the ShearStress Transport (SST) k-ω model was proposed theoretically.Secondly,the new model was numerically verified by comparing with the experimental results of the windbreak flow.At last,the proposed source term model was employed in the optimization design of the wind environment around highrise buildings.It is concluded that the new source term model is accurate and applicable for modeling the canopy flow,which provides a reference for the similar numerical researches on wind environment.

Abstract:According to the over deformation and cracking of the prestressed concrete(PC) box girder bridge,vertical crack and oblique crack damage element were constituted based on primary appearance statistical cracks caused by force,two damage elements.Then the simulation calculation model of damaged PC bridges was put forward by reducing the rigidity and introducing planer rigid model.Finally,the rigidity reduction coefficient and capacity reduction coefficient were proposed to assess the structure capacity of existing damaged PC bridges.

Abstract:The top plate and bottom plate of box beams behave different shear lag effects when the symmetric load moves along the cross section.The web shear’s work on the shearing deformation is taken.Based on the previous research and conclusion on the shear lag effect experiment,cubic parabola displacement function is adopted.Considering the top and bottom plate’s different longitudinal displacements,four independent generalized displacements are taken to analysis the shear lag of box beams.Based on the principle of minimum potential energy,displacement differential equations and natural boundary conditions are formed respectively.Formula derivation process shows that shear lag effect and web shear deformation work independently.The computation results indicate that the derivation formulas can improve calculation accuracy.

Abstract:A study was made of the interlayered rock mass composed of greenschist and marble;two viscoelastic rheological models were built with axial uniaxial loading orientation perpendicular or parallel to bedding plane.The numerical analysis of uniaxial compression creep test for interlayered rock mass was done by using finite difference program FLAC3D, and these two viscoealstic rheological models were verified by the comparison between theoretical value and numerical value of axial strain.Lots of influencing factors such as the volumetric content,depth,amount and interval of marble interlayer were taken into account in the numerical analysis.The research results show that the numerical value matches the theoretical value well,therefore,these two viscoelastic rheological models are available and reasonable.The error between the numerical value and theoretical value will increase or drecrease regularly with the change of the depth,amount and interval of marble interlayer.

Abstract:The volume integrals caused by temperature has to be dealt with while the boundary element method is employed to solve thermoelastic mechanics problems,as a result,the advantages of reducing dimensions are extinguished.This paper presents,a numerical approach for solving uncoupled thermoelastic problems with multidomain combinations without calculating volume integral,which is the formation of the numerical formats established for solving heat conduction and corresponding elasticity in accordance with virtual boundary element method (VBEM),respectively,and two ideas are combined,too.The method is available for both 2D and 3D problem,and can also degenerates singledomain problem solving.The method can also be applied to thermoelastic problems of composite materials containing holes or inclusions,arbitrary combinations with different material properties and contact problems.In the end,several numerical examples are given to illustrate the performance of the method,and the results validate the high accuracy and efficiency of the method.

Abstract:A research was made of the graded aggregate base bitumen pavement to investigate the rule of plastic deformation and its distribution in different confining stresses and dynamic stresses by using the middle dynamic triaxial instrument and sample compacted by vibration.Test proves that when confining pressure is fixed,the graded aggregate material’s plastic deformation curve is stabilization type,disintegration type and destroy type with the increasing of dynamic load,two critical state can be confirmed by plastic deformation distribution.Critical dynamic stress increases in linearity and dynamic stress ratio descends in logarithm with confining stress,two critical dynamic stress ratio tends to the same when confining pressure is high.The relationship between plastic deformation and critical dynamic stress is exponential,stabilization critical stress level and destroy critical stress is 0.79 and 1.0, respectively.The analysis of representative pavement structure indicates that graded aggregate transition base’s critical stress level is from 0.72 to 0.92 in standard axial load,which is lower than the destroy critical stress level.The graded aggregate base plastic deformation is stabilization under longterm vehicle load.

Abstract:By analyzing the mathematics scheduling modal of Multiple Units(MU)，the paper parses concerned basic concepts dealing with the scheduling of MU.According to the character of scheduling of MU on Intercity Railway (IR),the scheduling problem is divided into two subproblems:subroutingsmaking and routingbuilding based on the subroutings.According to an algorithm combined with compact assign and matrix,and operational time strategy designed to optimize the routings in terms of balances,the paper constitutes a modal of the periodic scheduling of MU on IR,and gives an example of HuNing mainline on the foundation of latest train graph in April of 2009 to explain the new method.Results indicate the method adapts to the actual situation of IR.The use of the model and algorithm provides a good reference for scheduling MU.

Abstract:The hydrogenbased membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was used for biodegradation of Cr(Ⅵ) in groundwater.The autohydrogentrophic bacteria on the surface of membrane used hydrogen as electron donor to reduce Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ).Then Cr(Ⅲ) was removed by sedimentation and filtration.The acclimatization was achieved by culturing the biofilm,altering the Cr(Ⅵ)concentration in influent and the supplied hydrogen pressure.After 120 days ,the Cr(Ⅵ) and NO-3N removal rate was 83% and 99%,respectively.Series experiments of 3 influence factors,such as H2 pressure,NO-3N loading and pH value were conducted.The results show that lowering the NO-3N loading and increasing the H2 pressure can increase the extent of Cr(Ⅵ) reduction.The Cr(Ⅵ) reduction is also sensitive to pH value,with the optimum pH value of 7.0(removal rate near 78.2%).If the pH value is above 8.0 or below 7.0,the removal rate will significantly decline.The research reveals that the MBfR can be effective for removing Cr(Ⅵ) or coexisting of NO-3N and Cr(Ⅵ) in groundwater,and critical operational parameters including the H2 pressure,NO-3N loading and pH value.

Abstract:The treatment effect of the combination process (preozonation→highdensity clarifier→sand filter→post ozonation→biological activated carbon(BAC) filter) was much better than that of the conventional process in treating the Huangpu River water， which is especially suit to high organic material and NH+4N in water.The removal efficiencies of CODMn and NH+4N by the post ozonationBAC process were up to 30.4% and 18.9% respectively.And as the preozonation process played a better role than prechlorination process in aidcoagulation， the removal efficiencies of CODMn and NH+4N were up to 29.6% and 81% respectively in traditional part of combination process.However， the removal efficiencies of CODMn and NH+4N were only 22.3% and 61.5% in the conventional process.In addition， the concentrations of algae toxins， trihalomethanes， bromate， molecular weight distribution and the related parameters of the BAC effluent were also investigated.The results show that the organic material with low molecular weight can be more easily removed by the post ozonationBAC processes (removal efficiency of organic material with molecular weight less than 1 kD is more than 70%).Tihalomethanes formation potential is 41% less than that of the conventional process.Besides， the microcystin and bromate concentrations are lower than drinking water standards in China.Moreover， the free chlorine disinfection can be used because the NH+4N can be mostly removed by the combination process， which can avoid the generation of nitrosamine as well as the odor and test problem by chloramine disinfection.However， the combination process also has some disadvantages such as the growth of algae on the purification structures during hightemperature season as the reaction time of ozone is relatively short.This problem may be solved by the combinated preozonation and prechlorination process.

Abstract:Characteristics of the intracellular and extracellular organic components (desolved organic carbon (DOC),desolved organic nitrogenous (DON),the algae toxin,βcyclocitral,molecular weight distribution and hydrophilichydrophobic property) have been investigated.The result indicates that the amount of intracellular organic material is 3~10 times higher than that of the extracellular materia.And the intracellular organic matter mainly has 3 parts:less than 1 kD (chlorophyll,renieratene,algae toxin,smell material and so on),40~800 kD (phycocyanin),more than 800 kD (ribosome,starch and so on).The molecular weight of extracellular organic matter mainly concentrates within 1~200 kD (approximately 90%).In addition,the main intracellular and extracellular organic components are both the neutral hydrophilic substances,the percentage of which are 83% and 57%,respectively;The chloroform,chloroacetic formation potential of the intracellular and extracellular organic components are 10.4 μg·mg-1,15.5 μg·mg-1 and 57.10 μg·mg-1and 49.94 μg·mg-1.Moreover,the proportion of DON and TOC is 1/7,3 times higher than common water source,which may increase the formation of chlorination byproduct nitrosamine.

Abstract:This study investigates the properties of thermophilic anaerobic granular sludge in an expanded granular sludge bed for cassava ethanol wastewater treatment.Experimental results show that the average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and the average gas production are 86.7% and 15.1 L·d-1,respectively,with the influent organic loading rate (OLR) being maintained at 15.0 kg·m-3·d-1.Moreover,the OLR can be increased up to 24.0 kg·m-3·d-1 with the average COD removal efficiency and the average gas production being 88.5% and 33.9 L·d-1,respectively.With the increase of operation time,the granular ratio of anaerobic sludge increases and the granular sludge with diameter greater than 2.00 mm is 32%.The organic components in granular sludge are mainly C,H and N,and the inorganic components were mainly Si,P,Ca and Fe.The bacillus bacteria are predominant in the acclimation thermophilic sludge and the inner core of sludge is probably composed by the compound of calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate.

Abstract:A method for simultaneous determination of three organotin compounds named monobutyltin (MBT),dibutyltin (DBT),tributyltin (TBT) in seawater sample was described.The method was based on derivatization with sodium tetraethylborate followed by headspacedsolidphase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatographyflame ionization detector (GCFID).The SPME conditions were optimized using experimental designs (five factors and for levels).The calibration ranges of MBT,DBT and TBT are 0.05~1 000 μg·L-1， 0.02~1 000 μg·L-1，0.02~1 000 μg·L-1(as Sn).The detection limits of MBT,DBT and TBT are 50，8，8 ng·L-1(as Sn).The recoveries of MBT,DBT and TBT are 106%，89%，91% by analyzing seawater spiked with organotin compounds.Six samples taken from six cities (Shenzhen,Shanghai,Lianyungang,Qingdao,Dalian,Yantai) were analyzed,and organotin compounds were detected in all five samples but Qingdao.

Abstract:To model fracture energy of hooked end steel fiber reinforced cementitious composite (HSFRCC),pullout energy of single hooked end steel fiber (HSF) with nondeformed/deformed hooked end was theoretically derived first.Then,statistic method was employed to estimate energy contributions from all HSFs on crack plane.Finally,experimental verification was carried out to verify the model validity and accuracy.Good performance was observed in comparison with experimental results.Moreover,it is shown that this model is closely related to various mesoscale parameters,such as HSF length,hooked end geometry,and matrix strength etc.,which obviously indicates the double functions of this model in both fracture energy prediction and the optimization design of HSFRCC.

Abstract:Complex nanoelements were made of organic betoniescapric acid for controlling temperature and energy saving.They were managed to sand like grains named phase change sand to enhance their consistent with raw materials of concrete.The influence of particle size distribution of phase change sand and its content on workability,strength and durability of concrete were studied.The method of simulating mass concrete was adopted to study effect of controlling temperature of phase change sand.Super SAP analysis method was introduced to calculate temperature distribution of mass concrete.The results show that phase change sand made of complex nanoelements enwrapped with latex and high strength cement consistent good with raw materials of concrete.Concrete with phase change sand can satisfy workability and strength when the fineness of phase change sand is middle to coarse,the content of water reducing agent is increased properly,and the substitution quantity of phase change sand for fine aggregate reaches 25%.Phase change sand doesn’t bring bad conglutination ability and bad water holding ability in lower content whereas it will bring lower fluidity and lower strength of concrete in higher content.The results of electric flux test for concrete show that phase change sand doesn’t affect durability of concrete in proper content.The test of simulating of temperature moving up in mass concrete show that the highest temperature in center is 44 ℃ which reduces 4.5 ℃ compared to that in norm concrete.Phase change sand needs to be added in center of mass concrete.The volume percent of center where higher than 45 ℃ increases with dimension of mass concrete.

Abstract:Newly thiolgroups functionalized polyvinyl alcoholgelatin composite microspheres adsorbers were successfully prepared by using raw materials of polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin,and crosslinking agent of chloromethylthiirane.The resulting microspheres adsorbents exhibit definite component,uniform size,large special area and strong absorption ability for treatment of wastewater containing Hg ion.It is shown that the microspheres adsorbers prepared have maximum 93.0% adsorbing efficiency to highconcentration mercury ions and 99.2% to trace mercury ions,and its membrane breakage factor is below 1.0% after repeated utilization.The thiolgroups functionalized PVAgelatin microsphere will be a potential mercury absorber materials.

Abstract:Three sound loudness calculation models,including Zwicker instantaneous loudness model,Moore instantaneous loudness model and Moore timevarying loudness model,and the cited Zwicker timevarying loudness model in ArtemiS,were applied to calculate the timevarying loudness of three typical noises such as steady engine idle noise,impulsive door closing noise and orderswept electric vehicle passby noise.Based on the loudness amplitude and timefrequency loudness results,the applicability of the four loudness models to timevarying sounds was analyzed and compared.It is found that both Zwicker and Moore timevarying loudness models are more reliable than Zwicker and Moore instantaneous loudness models if the sound amplitude and frequency vary tempestuously.And the timefrequency result of Moore instantaneous loudness model can be very helpful to noise source identification and mechanism analysis.

Abstract:Based on the “isostrain hypothesis”,the relationship was obtained between mean elongation and influence factors such as base material properties,weld properties and initial width ratio of the base metal and weld.The finite element method was employed to analyze the influence laws of the weld properties and initial width ratio on the tensile strength and mean elongation with constant base material properties.The results demonstrate that the strength coefficient K of the weld has more influence on the tensile strength and less effect on the mean elongation;the hardening coefficient n is just contrary;initial width ratio has significant effect on them in its sensitive area (0~20) and when initial width ratio exceeds 20,the effect becomes subtle.

Abstract:A control strategy based on traction substation characteristic is proposed in order to surmount metro vehicle behaviour identification difficulties.To implement the control strategy and improve the performance of energy storage system,a constantfrequency sliding mode controller of double loop current mode with PI compensation is designed to replace an ordinary PI controller.Furtheremore,a method to improve the speed of startup characteristics is proposed for resistive and capacitive loading.Finally,the simulation results verify the effectiveness of this control strategy where performance exceeded an ordingnary PI control.

Abstract:Electropneumatic braking system is becoming more and more popular.Electric braking cooperates with pneumatic braking in a unit of CRH2 composed of one motor car and one trail car.There are various configurations for electric braking force and pneumatic braking force.So it gives difficulty in setting up the reliability model.This paper,presents an analysis for the configuration of CRH2 braking force.And the reliability model is set up with standby structure.After that,quantitative calculation is carried out by using reliability model mentioned.

Abstract:Based on the key parameters derivation of the heat flux density and thermal convection or transfer coefficient on treadbraking mode of fastheavyload wagon bogie,one distinctive threedimensional finite element model of the transient temperature field in wheel braking process was developed to reveal a number of characteristics about the brake heat absorption and transmission in one wheel rotating cycle,and was confirmed through the friction brake powertestbed for the tread-braking temperature verification test.The formulas first renovated the calculation model of wheel temperature field including local and overall of braking process.The temperature field simulation can be used further to learn the impact in the treadbraking process of various elements,and provide more reliable parameters and theoretical analysis for the development of heavyloadfast wagon braking mode and braking technology.

Abstract:Performance of a wheel loader with permanentmagnetsynchronouselectricwheel driven technologies was studied by theoretical and experimental methods.Theoretical analysis shows that electric wheels of the loader,based on fieldweakening control algorithm,can be well adapted to the traveling,braking,traction and steering conditions with cooperative and efficient work.Experiments on an improved ZLM15B wheel loader under the above driving conditions were carried out on the level cement road.Experiment results further validate that the traveling and traction efficiencies between permanentmagnetsynchronouselectric wheels are both better than 90%,which can well adapt differential steering with good consistency of the speed and the torque between electric wheels under braking.

Abstract:Ammonia is a sort of hydrogenrich material with hydrogen content of 17.6%.Considering the bottleneck problems of hydrogen storage and transportation to date,this paper designs a hydrogen supply pathway with ammonia carrier as the agent of hydrogen storage and transport.Using supply cost of 1 kg hydrogen as economic indicator,through economic analysis and comparison with nature gas reforming,water electrolysis and methanol decomposition pathways,we come the conclusion that on medium hydrogen production scale and in short distance transportation circumstance,the supply cost of ammonia as hydrogen carrier pathway is 51.2 yuan·kg-1,obviously lower than the other threes,showing good performance on economic aspect.

Abstract:The igneous rocks of each subplates in the Yangtze drainage were discussed on the basis of their tectonic settings in order to provide fingerprints for the riverine sediments in the lower valley.Results indicate that the distribution of rock types is closely related to the evolution of tectonics in the Yangtze drainage.The Cenozoic felsic rocks in the Tibet Plateau and the late Permian basalts and concomitant felsic rocks of the Emeishan large igneous province in the adjacent area around Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou province are typical rock bodies in the upper Yangtze drainage.Early Paleozoic felsic rocks outcrop primarily in the Cathaysian Bock and Qinling Mountain,which are typical rock bodies in the middle reaches.Cretaceous felsic magmatic and volcanic rocks occurring mainly in volcanic basins along Yangtze River are dominant in the lower Yangtze basin.The recognition of the distribution of main igneous rock bodies in the whole Yangtze drainage basin will be of great help for sediment provenance study of the Yangtze River based on the methods in combination with detrital zircon UPb dating and Hf isotope analysis,which may result in uncovering of the evolution history of the Yangtze River.

Abstract:High resolution grain size analysis and 14C dating were carried on the sedimentary core MD06-3042 (27°05.4′N,121°24.1′E,water depth: 62 m,length:34.1 m) which is from East China Sea(ECS) inner shelf,a reconstruction was done on the history of the post last glacial sea level change and sedimentary change.Since 14.0 ka,the core site at 62 m was in the marine environment,and lots of Yangtze sediment had been delivered here.However,during 13.2~4.2 ka,there was low sedimentation rate here,and the main part of the modern East China Sea mud section at the site was formed between 4.2~3.2 ka.The ECS mud area should be formed step by step from north to south and from inner to the outer shelf.

Abstract:A new class of augmented Lagrangian functions with the FischerBurmeister NCP function and a Lagrangian multiplier method are proposed for the minimization of a smooth function subject to smooth equation and inequality constraints.This method is based on the solutions of the unconstrained optimization which is a reformulation of the primal constrained problem.These methods are implementable and globally convergent.

Abstract:Besides the risk of interest rate,investors may also suffer economic losses due to an enterprise’s bankruptcy and illmanagement,therefore,the credit default swap and credit spread option are put forward for the sake of the investers.Based on the first passage model and PDE,the closedform solution is obtained with the credit spread option as the compound option of the firm value and the short interest rate with barrier.The financial meanings are analyzed by numerical results.

Abstract:An analysis was made of the present situation of carbon source and carbon sink,the distribution in different industries of carbon emission in Shanghai.The results show in the past 15 years,the carbon emission of Shanghai increases 2.54 times,and compared with the fast increase of carbon source,the amount of carbon sink in Shanghai is very small；the carbon emission from industry and the field of traffic and transportation holds over 80% of all the carbon emission in Shanghai,and the latter is becoming the first potential carbon source；manufacturing is the most important carbon source in industry,and its emission mainly distributes in metallurgy industry,petroleum industry and chemical industry.Shanghai is proposed to build a new management system of carbon emission based on the carbon emission ranking management and carbon productivity.