Abstract:Two experiments for inclined web steel box composite girder were carried out to investigate the non elastic behavior of the hogging moment zone at the intermediate supports of continuous girder. Tests were made of the deformation of the girder along the longitudinal direction, strains distribution on various sections, formation and propagation of concrete cracks, slips between steel girder and concrete and bearing capacities of these experimental specimens. Experiment results show the specimens behave non linearly most time though they behave linearly at the beginning of the loading. Additionally, the reinforcement ratio affected the mechanical behavior of the inclined web steel box composite girder significantly. The stiffness of the composite girder with less reinforcement ratio decreased rapidly and caused steel yield earlier, while excellent mechanical behaviors were presented in inclined web steel box composite girder with proper reinforcement ratio. Comparison between the testing results and relatively designing method of composite girder indicates that the simplified discounting stiffness method in code GB50017 2003 for calculating the deflection of inclined web steel box composite girder is safe and feasible. Large bearing capacity reservation exists in inclined web steel box composite girder when the bearing capacity with concrete crack width 0.2 mm is taken as its normal service state bearing capacity.

Abstract:Six full scaled concrete filled square steel tubular (CFSST) columns were tested under low cyclic loading to test their seismic behavior; and then, numerical simulation was made by Abaqus, the finite element analysis results agree well with the experimental results. Results show that CFSST has good plastic deformation capacity. The energy dissipation capacity of CFSST increases with the increasing of sectional steel ratio; the horizontal bearing capacity of CFSST increases with the increasing of axial compression ratio, while the rigidity and energy dissipation capacity reduce instead; and the horizontal bearing capacity, rigidity and energy dissipation capacity of CFSST decrease with the increase of slenderness ratio.

Abstract:A real three dimensional (3 D) pile soil model under cylindrical coordinate system is established in order to get a deep understanding of low strain integrity testing of pipe pile. According to elastodynamic equations, boundary conditions and initial conditions, the definite solution of this problem can be obtained. Then, based on the staggered grid finite difference method, the transient dynamic responses of a pipe pile subjected to transient vertical loading are discussed. Not only the velocities of different angles at pile top are obtained, but also the testing curves are presented, which directly reflects the 3 D effects of wave propagating in the pipe pile. Finally, the accuracy and feasibility of the numerical method are verified via comparing with the experimental data. In practice, especially under the conditions that the analytical solution of 3 D elastodynamic equations cannot be derived, the numerical solution has certain guiding significance.

Abstract:Different binders were used to immobilize artificial Zn contaminated soil. The unconfined compressive strength of the solidified product was measured to estimate its possibility of recycling. And the efficiency of stabilization of Zn in soils was evaluated by the US EPA TCLP toxicity test. The experimental results suggest that quicklime was a good binder for immobilization of Zn contaminated soils. When lime was added, the strength of solidified product was greatly improved, and the leaching concentration of zinc ion dropped significantly. Zn contaminated soil could be successfully cured by the binder C5S5 (5%cement + 5%lime), whose incorporation of lime was largert. The addition of high adsorption clay can improve the efficiency of stabilization.

Abstract:Based on the structure damages in earthquake, the structure performance was classified into five levels. The inter story drift was adopted as the quantitative control index of the deformation，and the relationship among the damages, the five level performance and the inter story drift was also revealed. This classification was built on the basis of the three level performance according to “Chinese code for seismic design of building (GB50011 2010)”, which provided more options for designers and owners. Meanwhile，based on the “cost effectiveness” criterion and seismic hazard analysis，a modified structural life cycle cost model was presented. The proposed model considered not only the structural initial cost but also the failure loss expectation on different performance levels. The model is of great significance to the performance based seismic design, which pays full attention to the performance of structures, security and social economy.

Abstract:Based on an integrated model, an investigation was made into the effect of local integration and other design parameters such as the entrance, level variation, and vertical transition on the patterns of multi level pedestrian flows. Furthermore, proposals for multi level commercial space framework are put forward by comparing different commercial samples.

Abstract:Due to the lack of systematic research for traffic safety at the planning stage, the relationship between macro level impact factors such as road network patterns, traffic features and other variables with transportation safety remains unclear, which leads to the shortage of available methods and tools to evaluate the safety of various transportation plans. Based on the data from the Orange County, Florida, this paper describes the system research on macro transportation safety modeling at traffic analysis zone (TAZ) level, abstracting effective indices of road network patterns, traffic features and other macro level impact factors. Bayes Space Static Model was adopted to investigate the association between transportation safety and impact factors. Adjacent TAZs are always similar in economic development, road network structures, and traffic features; while TAZs located separately tend to be more diversity. Bayesian Conditional Autoregressive Regression (CAR) Models were used to analyze these spatial correlated data. Considering the different crash mechanisms of major roads and minor roads, new modeling strategy was proposed by modeling crashes on arterials and on local roads separately. The paper finds out there is a significant relationship between the road network patterns and safety, and the new modeling strategy is able to differentiate the safety effect for different types of crashes.

Abstract:This paper presents an analysis of the influencing mechanism of time space parameters such as link length, signal offset, splits and so on. Based on the maximum queue length at adjacent signal intersections. The calculation model of the maximum queue length based on the traffic wave theory is created, and the model is verified with microscopic traffic simulation experiments. Then, the concept and its calculation method of time space coordination index of adjacent signal intersections are proposed, and the influence of the law of the time space coordination index on the maximum queue length at adjacent signal intersection is analyzed. The results show that the model can calculate quantitatively the maximum queue length for adjacent signal intersections with time space parameters, and it’s significant in traffic design and optimization for adjacent signal intersections.

Abstract:The paper presents a theoretical model for estimating the capacity of signalized intersections with short lanes. The proposed model overcomes a shortcoming of current estimate models, which ignores the impacts of various short lanes. Three kinds of short lanes scenarios are allocated according to the characteristics of congestion firstly. The blockage process is divided into three stages including no blockage, probable blockage and after blockage. Finally, the calculation model for capacity of lane group is established and tested with the field data by simulation method. The intensive sensitive analysis on the length and number of the short lane, the spilt and cycle length reveal the impacts of short lanes on the capacity of intersection under different traffic flow levels.

Abstract:This paper aims to describe the joint choice of residential location, travel mode, and departure time. First, based on random utility maximization theory, the innovative cross nested logit model and traditional nested logit model are formulated respectively. House price, travel time, travel cost, and factors depicting the individual socio economic characteristics are defined as exogenous variables, and the model choice sets are the combination of residential location subset, departure time subset, and travel mode choice subset. Second, based on Beijing traffic survey data of 2005, the model parameters are estimated, and the direct and cross elasticity are calculated to analyze the change of alternatives probability brought by factors variation. Estimation results show the cross nested logit model is more accurate statistically than any kind of NL model. When exogenous variables altered, decision makers will change their departure time in the first place, subsequently, the mode choice, finally, the residential location. Moreover, elasticity analysis results reveal that the car travel proportion will not decrease even if there is an extra toll on car using for long distance commuters. The effect on choice probability by variations in travel time of the other travel mode can be considered as negligible for commuters living within 5km from their workplaces, and this effect is the greatest for commuters living between 10 and 20km from their workplaces.

Abstract:In the pretreatment process, Highway Hierarchical(HH) algorithm faces such problems as the compressing of network into a ring road, the storage way of pretreatment data and a complete calculation of the optimal route. Non cycle compressing, tiered storage and local shortest path storage are introduced to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. The test of the road network of Guangdong Province of China shows that with the improved HH algorithm, the computational efficiency increases by 5 times, and the search space reduces by 4 times.

Abstract:This paper aims to find out the pedestrian movement distributing ratios around railway station street network based on the relationship between integration R3 of space syntax axial model and pedestrian movement. In order to avoid the influence of other factors on the estimated result, 8 suburban subway stations in Shanghai rail transit system of China are chosen for case studies. And their 24 entrances’s distribution coefficients of passenger flow are calculated with this new proposed method. Based on the investigation of pedestrian traffic, the validity, the availability and limitation of the new estimated method are analyzed.

Abstract:The logistic regression equation was used to establish regression relationship among continuous variables such as thickness, traffic level, pavement age, categorical variables such as maintenance grade, climate sector, pavement structure types and the Markov probability prediction. Some airports’ actual measurement pavement condition index (PCI) data were used as data source in the parameter estimation and significance test of the model. The parameter calibration method of Markov probability prediction model, and the accuracy of the predictions were improved. The scope of the application of model was expanded and the problems of insufficient observation data and unstable parameter estimation using the traditional forecasting model were resolved.

Abstract:Subgrade moisture has critical effect on performance of pavement structure and life of highway. Selection of indexes appropriately suggests influence factors are important for prediction of moisture. First, the factors of subgrade moisture were merged into climate condition and groundwater. Furthermore, thornthwaite moisture index(TMI), which comprehensively reflects influence of climate and latitude was introduced. Then, the calculation process of TMI was divided into three steps including calculation of potential evapotranspiration, moisture balance and calculating annual value of TMI. Moreover, example was presented to validate calculation procedure of TMI. Finally, values of TMI calculated on the basis of the meteorological data collected from 400 weather stations of China were tabled according to climatic zoning of highway. The results show that TMI can be used as new criterion to classify climatic zoning for highway.

Abstract:Differential settlement of foundation will result in adverse state of cement concrete pavement, additional force is induced by self weight while existing disengaging under slab and fatigue life of pavement is affected. Mechanical model of existence of disengaging under slab is established under self weight and formula of stress and deflection of slab are derived by related theory of plate and shells based on existence of disengaging under slab induced by the shield driving method.

Abstract:The temperature and velocity distributions along the room height in a full scale experimental chamber were measured. In order to simulate human exhaled droplets, an aerosol generator system based on the Collision type atomizer (Model 7388AGS) was used to generate poly dispersed droplets. An aerosol spectrometer (Model 1.108 Grimm) was used to measure the concentration distribution indoors. A breathing thermal manikin and a self made thermal manikin were used to simulate occupants. It is found that a trap phenomenon of exhaled droplet occurred in the breathing height near the particle source. There is a two zone distribution of particle concentration along room height far away from the particle source. The human exposure to particles is related to the distance to the particle source. The thermal plume of human can entrain air from below the breathing zone and help improving the quality of the inhaled air.

Abstract:A study was made of the enhanced granulation of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) by Al 3+ augmentation at low temperature. Rapid granulation was achieved since AGS formation time significantly decreased from 73 days to 40 days by adding 30.0 mg·L-1Al3+ at low temperature in a sequencing batch airlift reactor (SBAR). AGS with clear surface and compact structure possessed better settling property, higher biomass, and better simultaneously COD, NH4+ N and PO3-4 P removal efficiency, the respective removal rates were 85.6%, 88.8% and 91.9%. Compared with the conventional cultivation of AGS, the content of total protein was as high as 9.25 mg·g-1 and the total proteins to the total polysaccharide(PN/PS) ratio was 1.10, and the relatively high protein content presented an essential feature for AGS formation. In addition, zeta potential increased from -18.40 mV to -6.51 mV when AGS became mature by adding 30.0 mg·L-1 of Al3+, the higher zeta potential indicated the reduction of electrostatic repulsion was beneficial for granules aggregated.

Abstract:A new algorithm for vehicle mass estimation was studied based on the on road test of an in wheel motor vehicle. Containing the road gradient information in the longitudinal accelerometer signal, the algorithm removed the road grade from the longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle. Then, two different recursive least squares(RLS) schemes were proposed to estimate the driving resistance and the mass independently based on the acceleration partition. Experiments on the asphalt road, the plastic runway, and the gravel road as well as experiments with road grade were carried out. The estimation errors and the result convergence were analyzed. Then, according to several critical operating conditions, the adaptability of the algorithm was improved. The experimental data show that the estimation error is within 2.5% with various masses and different roads, which indicates that the algorithm can accurately estimate mass and its engineering application is valuable.

Abstract:A vibration identification method about gearbox housing was presented on the basis of modal expansion. By taking vibration identification of a gearbox housing as an example, frequencies and eigenvectors of the housing were obtained through finite element method and accelerations of a part of points on the housing in operation case were obtained by test. Then modal participation factors were calculated after the accelerations were transferred to finite element model of the housing. The accelerations of all grids in the finite element model were identified according to the modal participation factors and the eigenvectors. The results indicate that the maximal average residue of the identified accelerations and those of the test is 9.7%, so the vibration identification method by the modal expansion can be used in acoustics design of gearbox housing. Finally radiation sound powers of potential modification panels on the gearbox housing were computed based on the identified accelerations and three panels with higher radiation sound powers were found and optimized. The radiation sound power of the panels can be decreased by 1.8 dB at most after the optimization.

Abstract:Simple and fast evaluation of refrigerant thermodynamic properties is one of the key factors to the robustness and speed of refrigeration system simulation and optimization. The investigation aimed to find a generalized simple model to be accurate enough in a wider range of parameters. A new six coefficient simple model was proposed for refrigerant saturated thermodynamic properties. The data of some typical refrigerants were used for data regression. In the common refrigerating and air conditioning operating conditions, the comparison between the present model and the international standard refrigerant database REFPROP 9.0 shows that the maximum deviations of refrigerant saturated thermodynamic properties fall into ±0.6%. The calculation speed can be therefore improved two orders of magnitude or more.

Abstract:Aiming at the problem of air cooled condenser output limit under high temperature in summer, the spray humidification system is adopted here to reduce inlet air temperature. Therefore, experiments are presented to study cooling characteristics of three nozzle layouts, air side and hot water side resistance, heat transfer characteristics of corrugated plate spray humidification air cooler. Experiment results show pressure screw type nozzle is superior in both air side and hot water side cooling effects. Correlation expressions of pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient are obtained in three nozzle layouts. Through the research on spray cooling characteristics of nozzle, the correlation expression between contact coefficient and air mass velocity & water to air steam ratio is fitted and obtained.

Abstract:Ontology can formally describe concepts, terms and relationship of the special domain, but it can not express the fuzzy information. To solve the problem of the fuzzy information’s description in ontology, fuzzy description logic was employed in the construction of ontology. A 5 tuple fuzzy ontology model was established, including roles set, examples set, fuzzy assertion set and fuzzy relationship set. Based on Tableaus algorithm idea and case studies, the paper gives the solution method of the reasoning problem of fuzzy ontology. The correlation between key words was processed with the new NGD algorithm by means of Google search, and convert the results into membership degree of fuzzy ontology at last.

Abstract:The structure of a kind of electro magnetic suspension(EMS) maglev train based on v shaped guideway is proposed, and this study focuses on its suspension and guidance technologies. In this structure, suspension, guidance and propulsion are realized by a single set of magnets on the vehicle and the long stator coils on the guideway, which promises the simplicity of structure when compared with existing maglev trains. Firstly, the dynamical model of the plane motion for the maglev train is established. By analysis, it is concluded that the open loop system composed of suspension, guidance and roll motion is unstable but controllable. Secondly, the control strategy that suspension controller as well as guidance rolling controller should be designed separately is designed, based on the conclusion that the suspension motion is independent, while the guidance and roll motion are coupled. Finally, a feedback controller is designed according to the proposed control algorithm as an example. The simulation results indicate that suspension, guidance and roll motions can be effectively stabilized under the proposed controller, which validates the feasibility of realizing suspension, guidance and propulsion by a single set of magnets on the vehicle based on the v shaped guideway.

Abstract:Based on multi scale processing and analysis of the magnetic data of northeast continental margin of the South China Sea, the apparent magnetization of pre Mesozoic basement was calculated. Through comprehensive analysis of available drilling and seismic data, the distribution characteristics of apparent magnetization of the basement have been discussed. The northern portion of the high apparent magnetization belt may be subject to continental crust，and the southern portion with special high value may have been resulted from the reform of sub oceanic crust. In the western study area with low apparent magnetization, there is a suit of Paleozoic epizonal metamorphism rock series. Chao Shan depression and its southeast basement with negative apparent magnetization seem to be oceanic crust or quasi oceanic crust by nature.

Abstract:The effective elastic thickness, different scales of extension factors and post rift subsidence are important in reflecting characteristics of an extensional basin. 2D structural simulation softwares based on the flexure isostasy model and the flexural cantilever mode were employed to model the interpreted seismic profiles across Taixinan Basin. Results show that the appropriate effective elastic thickness value in Taixinan basin is 1.5 km. The extension is characterized by the lateral heterogeneity and depth dependence of lithospheric extension in Taixinan Basin, the extension factor changing between 1.2 and 4.8 in lithosphere, between 1.2 and 2.9 in the whole crust, and between 1.0 and 1.2 in the upper crust. Being different from subsidence characteristics of a classical extensional basin, the post rift subsidence rate in Taixinan Basin is not of obvious regularity, which is mainly affected by the formation of slope and Dongsha tectonic movement.

Abstract:A direct foreign currency loan may help companies reduce loaning cost, nevertheless, the fluctuation of exchange rate may increase the default probabilities of companies. Models of default probability and the value of loan for both domestic and foreign currency loan were established and a comparative study was made of the difference by numerical computation. The correlation analysis of the exchange rate and the property of the companies shows a positive correlation or lower negative correlation leads to a lower default probability of foreign loan, but it is quite a different case when there is a higher negative correlation. Therefore, from the perspective of default probability, a basic standard is proposed for companies to select the loan.

Abstract:The Shanghai Expo AB area construction project was taken as an example to discuss the relationship of project complexity and time limit for it, and human cost under the four scenarios of parallel, sub contract, organization structure and members optimization by means of the simulation software ProjectSim. It is concluded that in some cases there are no conflicts between the project complexity, time limit and its human cost, and that all of them can be optimized simultaneously through increasing relevant personnel on key positions, which is totally different from the traditional view that time limit is often in conflict with human cost.