Abstract:Damping modification factors (DMF) are used in current codes to adjust elastic response spectral values corresponding to 5% of viscous damping to other damping levels. However, the impact of moment magnitude (Mw) is not considered in codes. The DMF in the NEHRP 2003 and Eurocode 8 are derived from displacement response spectra while those in the China 2010 are obtained from absolute acceleration response spectra. Based on the DMF for different moment magnitude ranges computed from seismic records located at the same site class, except for site Class E, statistical analysis of results shows that the median DMF for Mw>6.5 derived from displacement response spectra are close to those values in NEHRP 2003 and Eurocode 8 while those derived from absolute acceleration response spectra are similar to those values in China 2010. However, the DMF for Mw=5.5~6.5 are obviously different from those values in codes, further, the DMF in codes are probably unsafe. Besides, for site Class E, the DMF in codes are in most cases slightly conservative. Finally, nonlinear regression analyses are used to develop expressions for DMF corresponding to various site classes and moment magnitude ranges.

Abstract:The structure with closely spaced natural frequencies and unsymmetrical modes is analyzed under pseudo impulses installed with one or two active mass damper (AMDs). The distribution of the implemental damping ratios of different modes is evaluated under state and velocity feedbacks. An experimental model of cable stayed bridge with closely spaced natural frequencies is build up to verify the theoretical results under control. Modal analysis show that the experimental results agree well with the theoretical results of modal parameters including frequencies and modal damping ratios.

Abstract:In most cases, strength of composite slabs is governed by shear bond failure at the sheeting concrete interface. Considerable improvement of longitudinal shear bond load carrying characteristic is acquired for composite slabs with end anchorage. However, current design procedures to assess the shearbond strength, such as the m k method and the partial connection method (τu), are not considerate for the influence of end anchorage. Thirteen full scale simply supported composite slabs were tested by varying the influence parameters like span length, slab depth, shear span length and the end anchorages which was provided by the steel headed studs. Based on an analysis of deflection, end slip and the distribution of strain of the cross section, the shear bond failure mechanism of composite slabs is revealed. In terms of the internal force and deformation relationship, the sheeting concrete interface longitudinal shear force is revealed in the term of vertical shear force. The test results were appraised using present design procedures. Based on the ultimate shear bond state, a simplified method is proposed for τu method. The method has been validated and the results predicted by the simplified method agree well with the test results.

Abstract:To control the wind induced vibration of the bridge structure, the paper presents a discrete three direction tuned mass damper (TMD) control system to increase the flutter critical wind speed, and correspondingly, the theory and the calculation method. The horizontal, vertical vibration and torsional vibration can be well controlled with the system. Based on optimal control theory, the optimal parameters of the system are obtained. Wind tunnel test and the ansys simulation reveal that with the discrete three direction TMD control system, the flutter critical wind speed of bridges improves significantly.

Abstract:A field test study was carried out by using high energy dynamic compaction (HEDC) with 15 000 kN· m energy on coarse grained gravel fill materials. In the course of tamping, the settlement of the crater per drop was monitored for all impact points at the first three passes, and the ground surface deformations around three impact points were also measured. It can be seen that the average crater depths reach 4.38 m, 3.71 m and 1.93 m for the first, second and third passes, respectively. Also, no ground heave was observed during construction. After HEDC, the spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) test was undertaken before and after HEDC in order to determine the depth of improvement. The SASW measurements indicated the depth of improvement following HEDC was not less than 16.5 m and there were no obvious weak layer. Based on three plate load tests, the allowable bearing capacities of the site after HEDC also met the design requirements. Finally, the n values in Menard formula was determined to calculate the improvement depth for HEDC of coarse grained gravels. This provides the references for the design, construction, and detection of HEDC at similar sites.

Abstract:Based on the design of stone asphalt concrete(SAC) mixture of plain asphalt, a comparative study was made of the influence law of air void of SAC 13 grading on plain asphalt and asphalt rubber mixture with the air void as the variable by setting the asphalt content first and then fine tune grading. The result shows that for normal SAC 13 mixture, when the oil aggregate ratio increases by 0.5% each time, air void will decrease by 1% to 1.5% instead. With the increase of 9.5 ~ 13.2 mm coarse aggregate content, 4.75 ~ 9.5 mm aggregate content and the void of coarse aggregates(VCA) will decrease by degrees. With regard to the SAC asphalt rubber mixture, aggregate content (＞9.5 mm) is recommended to be within 30% ~ 45% and the 4.75 ~ 9.5 mm be within 20%~40%, in addition, the total volume of coarse aggregate (＞4.75 mm) is proposed to be over 60%, 2.36 ~ 4.75 mm aggregate content is not proposed to be over 10%, and mineral powder to be used little. With the same objective void, SAC 13 asphalt rubber mixture of coarse aggregate content is proposed to be slightly less than normal SAC mixture. As for SAC 13 rubber asphalt mixture, when the content of 2.36 ~ 4.75 mm aggregate reaches 8%, void increases much more distinctively than that of normal SAC mixture, so the content of this grade should be strictly controlled.

Abstract:A distinct deviation appears between the results of the test methods of micro surfacing technical guideline and actual pavement performance, which influences the micro surfacing application. Based on driving wheel pavement analyzer, the indoor accelerated test on micro surfacing was carried out to study the impact of aggregate gradation, type and content of padding, content of polypropylene fiber on the anti slip performance and wear resistance of micro surfacing. Test results show that coarse gradation micro surfacing is of the higher anti slip performance and worse wear resistance than those of fine gradation micro surfacing. The wear resistance performance can be improved by increasing the content of cement or mineral filler. Polypropylene fiber can improve the anti slip and wear resistance performance. Test results also show that the interaction between tires and pavement can be simulated by driving wheel pavement analyzer, as a result, the performance of pavement surface can be evaluated quantitatively and efficiently.

Abstract:Based on the experimental study at home and abroad, the centrifuge model test is used to imitate pile raft composite foundation in different pile spacing to research and analyze the settlement controlling ability of pile raft composite foundation on collapsible loess ground in high speed railway. The research results show that collapsible loess ground which can not meet the request on settlement after construction in track structure in high speed railway need be reinforced. The settlement after construction, differential settlement, pile soil load share ratio and the negative skin friction of pile get larger with the extending of pile spacing from two to six times of the pile diameter. The foundation settlement, settlement after construction, and the negative skin friction of pile get larger with the extending of pile spacing from two to six times of the pile diameter. Neutral point of the relative displacement between pile and soil drop with extending of pile spacing and rise to a stable level in post construction stage. Value of the relative displacement between pile and cushion drop to a stable level in post construction stage with extending of pile spacing. Differential settlement occurs mainly in construction stage. The differential settlement controlling effect of pile raft composite foundation is better in post construction stage.

Abstract:The end effect is a fatal flaw of empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Based on the principle of end effect and the present study situation, a method combining the mirror extension with the gray neural network is proposed to extend the data. Analysis of the simulated signal and the actual track irregularity signal shows that the proposed method restrains the end effect effectively．The track irregularity signal is studied with the improved EMD method, which collected by track recording vehicles from Beijing—Guangzhou Railway and Wuhan—Guangzhou passenger railway. The statistic and analysis result indicates that there are relatively serious short wave and long wave track irregularity in Beijing—Guangzhou Railway, and the irregularity wavelength characteristic of Wuhan—Guangzhou passenger railway is the medium wave and long wave. Analysis of track irregularity with improved EMD is a new technical method for guaranteeing the safe running of railway.

Abstract:An optimization method for traffic accident case retrieval is proposed to improve the accuracy of real time decision management under traffic accident conditions. Based on traffic accident data constitution of Numeric and enumeration type, attribute weights are determined objectively through information entropy method evaluating the data dispersion degree. On the basis of data classification, case retrieval base is established through second order clustering algorithm. And a traffic accident case retrieval system is developed to have a series of tests. Then, case retrieval tests are conducted to verify effectiveness of this optimization method by analyzing both highest similarity and case set matching degree of the retrieval conclusions.

Abstract:The current state of charge (SOC) prediction methods for the traction battery pack (TBP) do not take into consideration of the cell uniformity problem which can not be neglected in TBP consisting of dozens or thousands of battery cells with their own characteristics. A new approach for online TBP SOC adjustment is proposed, which combines the tranditional and adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methods. Fuzzy inference system (FIS) is used to adjust the traditional SOC estimation results in the pack in running time. Since the ANFIS is introduced, the training stage of the FIS can be completed offline; the trained knowledge base is appropriate for online application in an embedded system with acceptable computation complexity. The model structure, training method and verification process are introduced, and the verification result shows good generalization ability of the trained FIS.

Abstract:A series of experiments based on aerosol spectrometer Welas 2000 were carried out to study the aerosol characteristics. An investigation was made into the influence of the factors such as gas liquid mass flow rate, dynamic viscosity, surface tension of spray solution and the pressure, velocity, and density of compressed air on the aerosol concentration, size distribution and its dispersion. The empirical formulae for calculating the Sauter mean diameter and size distribution of atomization droplet were developed and validated.

Abstract:According to loading spectrum collected in the road test, the bench test was designed. Fatigue life simulation and test of a frame type heavy truck cab were conducted, and the results were compared with those of the benchmark. The results of simulation and test were comparable, and the design weaknesses were checked out. Finally, a new method was proposed that force decreasing rate was regarded as an indicator to evaluate cab’s equivalent life.

Abstract:The study aims to describe the inherent complex dynamic characteristics of mast mechanism of rotary drilling rig synthetically and improve the smooth going performance of key parts and related hydraulic system in the lifting process for mast mechanism．A dynamic model of mast mechanism is first established with Newton Euler method，and then a hydraulic system model of mast mechanism based on power bond graph is built up. A set of optimal installation position parameters are obtained through analyzing and comparing the impact of the dynamic characteristics due to changes of the installation position of mast mechanism in the lifting process．The integrated modeling method provides a certain theoretical reference for designing the mast system of rotary drilling rig．

Abstract:Based on the common thermotechnical calculation methods for lightweight timber frame wall，an improved method was presented with an accurate result which agreed well with the experimental data. The cooling and heating loads of a bedroom during typical days in Chongqing were calculated by building energy simulation program, EnergyPlus. Results show that the air conditioning load per unit of lightweight timber frame wall is the least in comparison with the loads of 50% and 65% energy efficient brick concrete walls. The daily average cooling and heating loads caused by lightweight timber frame wall are about 55% of the 65% energy efficient brick concrete wall. But the lightweight timber frame is of the poorer thermal insulation property and larger fluctuation of loads than brick concrete wall of 65% energy saving. Improving thermal insulation in summer is the key to optimize the thermotechnical performance for lightweight timber frame wall.

Abstract:A grey neural network model is established with a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) instead of the gradient correction method. The initial positions of the particles are chosen randomly according to the parameters of grey neural networks which are processed through PSO and the best individual in particle swarm algorithm is searched to improve robustness and precision of the forecasting model. Through testing the effect of solving short term order problem, the model proves to be simple with better forecast precision and of a higher approximation capability compared with back propagation(BP) neural network, grey neural network, the traditional particles warm optimizer and BP neural network. The paper presents a new method for optimizing network parameters and some new ideas for researches on forecasting model.

Abstract:The paper presents a new single terminal transient protection scheme for distribution network based on Rogowski coil resonance theory and wavelet energy spectrum. The transmission characteristics of transient signal of the line boundary were changed by introducing Rogowski coil resonance equipment, and the internal fault was distinguished from the external fault. Consequently, an immediate trip was realized among the distribution network. After determining the fault moment by wavelet modulus maxima, the high and low frequency band signals in the fault period were extracted so that a reliable protection criterion was obtainted by calculating ratio of high frequency energy and lower frequency energy. Finally, PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme, which is reliable to discriminate internal and external faults under different conditions.

Abstract:For visual surveillance, the semantic content of video was modelled by the states of motion targets. Feature vectors were clustered based on DBSCAN to obtain activity patterns which represent potential structure of training set. Then a complex events detection model was investigated by ultilizing high level Petri nets to model the temporal dependence relationship of activity patterns, like continuum and concurrence. The unsupervised learning process of activity patterns was robust to low level noise. By combining Petri framework representation, inference of semantic events could be more flexibly. In the experiments, Petri nets modeling process was demonstrated based on the results of clustering and the validity was given by the detection of two interesting semantic events ‘staying’ and ‘stealing’.

Abstract:Aimed at strict mosaic of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images with few control information, this paper introduces the principles of the free network bundle adjustment, calculation process and an error model is deduced. Four adjacent images in the west of Zengcheng, Guangdong province are chosen from two flight strips for a test. With the method, the accuracy inconsistency problem of control information in Google Earth is solved. By selecting the weights, strict mosaic of UAV images with coordinate and projection information are implemented. An analysis of the relationship between angular, linear elements and mosaic errors provides theoretical basis for images mosaic with non control points or only relative control conditions.

Abstract:Metric reconstruction is the highest level reconstruction obtained from uncalibrated image sequences without any scene information, which needs recovering interior and exterior parameters. According to the stratified reconstruction approaches in computer vision, projective matrix and structure are recovered from the correspondences of more than three views through iterative singular value decomposition algorithm, then interior parameters can be estimated through the absolute quadric self calibration method, then exterior parameters are recovered subsequently. With this approach, free models are available without any scene information, Euclidean reconstruction can be realized through absolute orientation when sufficient scene controls are available. The orientation results can be used in low accuracy 3 dimensional measurement or as the initial values for high accuracy bundle adjustment.

Abstract:This paper concerns the discrete solution to an optimal control problem by canonical duality theory on the global optimization over a box. With the discrete formulation by mathematical methods, the optimal control problem is converted into the global optimization. A discrete solution is presented to the optimal control problem by using the differential system on the canonical multiplier space. Two examples are illustrated.

Abstract:Assuming the radial sectional curvature Kr of the target manifold satisfies |Kr(x)|≤k(1-k)r2(x0,x), where x0 is a pole, k is a constant satisfying some conditions, a harmonic map to any image manifold with slowly divergent energy must be constant. Then it improves the theorems of Reference ［3 4］ raised.

Abstract:In order to precisely evaluate reliability under small sample size, prior information such as expert judgment is needed in Bayesian reliability estimation. General Bayesian method cannot deal with expert judgment when it is fuzzy. With a quantitative description method of fuzzy prior distribution for microphone selectors introduced, based on fuzzy membership functions, experts’ prior information can be effectively merged with test data with Bayes method. Reliability evaluation shows that, the precision can be enhanced notably for data with small samples by using Bayes estimation with fuzzy prior distributions. Furthermore, triangle fuzzy prior distributions can be used to enhance the precision when the bandwidth of the fuzzy prior distributions are wide. And normal distributions are applicable to the circumstance when the fuzzy prior distributions are narrow.

Abstract:New serine complex of bismuth (Ⅲ), (C3H6O3N)2Bi(μ I)2Bi［(C3H6O3N)I］·H2O was synthesized by the solid phase reaction at room temperature. The complex has been characterized by elemental analysis, X ray powder diffraction, far infrared spectra and TG DTA analysis. The results of indexing of the X ray diffraction patterns indicate the crystal structure of bismuth complex with serine belongs to a orthorhombic system and the lattice parameters are: a=0.796 7 nm, b=1.987 5 nm, c=2.203 4 nm.

Abstract:A bi-level programming model is constructed in combination with the characteristics of agricultural materials supply chain to determine the quantity, position, size and distribution of agricultural materials supply chain factory by maximizing the customers’ total profits. Sensitivity variables of time and distance are introduced to reflect the sensitive degree when customers select suppliers for transportation distance and product price. The coverage of agricultural materials supply chain is optimized by the model. The target of the upper level of the model is to maximize the profit by taking the deciders’ interests into account. The lower level of the model，where the customers’ interests are considered，aims to maximize the coverage in the competition environment. A case study of the model in an agricultural company on the basis of the genetic algorithm proves the model to be effective.

Abstract:To solve multi distribution center location problem（MDLP) directly, MDLP was mapped into the process of expanded K TSP and improved ants colony algorithm was designed. The setting mode of tabu for classic ants colony algorithm was changed, specifically, when algorithm run, a sharing tabu for ants colony was constructed and all the distribution points the ants had traversed were put into it, any ants could only choose the customer point unrecorded in it, thereby this intensified exchange of information among ants and promoted their division and cooperation, so that the ants visited all the distribution sites exhaustively without repetition, and finally found the optimal solution. In order to improve the algorithm’s performance, price guided function was added to ants’ selection rule, and 2 opt strategy was used to optimize the feasible solution, and optimized pheromone update policy was designed. The simulation example and the algorithm comparison show that the model and the algorithm may express and solve MDLP effectively.

Abstract:Advisor was adopted to define structures and power trains of parallel plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and two PHEV models with different battery electric ranges of 20 km and 60 km were established. The consumer total ownership cost models were established on the basis of the purchase and use cost and compared with conventional vehicles (CVs) and conventional hybrid vehicles. Three scenarios were given about the basic, government subsidies and high oil price and an analysis was made of the PHEVs’ market competitiveness during 15 years nominal lifecycle. The results show that in basic scenario, PHEVs do not have competitiveness; with government subsidies, PHEVs will be competitive after 4~5 years’ running; in high oil price scenario with 10% annual growth rate, PHEVs will be competitive after 7~8 years.

Abstract:An evaluation index system of 7 major factors and 23 observation indexes was developed on the competitiveness of construction industry. By combining the advantages of partial least squares(PLS) path model, technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) model and cluster model, a comprehensive assessment was made of the competitiveness of Chinese construction industry, which was a portfolio innovation among the evaluation methods. Assessment results show that China’s construction industry is extremely unbalanced. The competition is subjected to the location, from the east coast region to the Midwest region, the competition inclining from strong to weak. Different developing strategies for improving the competitiveness of regional construction industry of different provinces in China were put forward with a view to provide theoretical guidance.