Abstract:Layer wind force interference characteristic of disturbed building is studied by rigid model pressure test, and this paper presents the across wind layer wind force interference characteristic. Distribution of across wind layer wind force and its interference factors with interfering building arranged in different position is considered, fitting formulas describing the characteristic of across wind root mean square(RMS) layer wind force coefficients for side by side and tandem arrangement are obtained. The results show that interfering building probably leads to the across wind mean layer force’s deviation from zero, across wind RMS layer force interference factors can reach up to 2.26.

Abstract:Experimental research was conducted on 10 full scale concrete filled steel tube (CFT) column connections to investigate their seismic performance under various axial force ratios. Different shear strength equations were compared, and the shear strength deformation relations were further implemented into OpenSEES simulations. Results show that all tested CFT connections present excellent shear capacity in resisting lateral loadings; the equations proposed in Chinese specifications need improving; and OpenSEES model provides reasonable simulations on both shear strength and shear deformations of the joints.

Abstract:The bending deformation of aluminum alloy gusset joint could be divided into three parts: the deformation of the central area of the plate, the relative displacement between the plate and the member and the bending deformation of the member. The formula to estimate the initial bending stiffness of aluminum alloy gusset joint is proposed through analyzing its bending characteristics. According to the joint tests, the main mechanical behavior of moment rotation curves is investigated. Numerical simulations of the gusset joint are established through software ABAQUES. The initial bending stiffness obtained from the numerical results agrees well with the experimental ones. Based on single parameter analysis, the influence of the thickness of plate, the height of member, the number of bolts and the radius of plate on the out of plane initial bending stiffness of this joint are studied. Finally, the comparison of the theoretical results, the numerical results and the experimental results is carried out. It is indicated that the theoretical formula is suitable for the design of this joint.

Abstract:In order to study the lateral resistance of glued laminated timber post and beam structures, two monotonic tests and eight cyclic tests on full scale one storey, one bay timber post and beam construction specimens were carried out, considering four lateral strengthened structure systems: frame with X brace, frame with K brace, frame with knee brace and frame filled with light wood shear walls. Seismic performances were evaluated according to the experimental phenomena, hysteresis curves, envelope curves, curves of stiffness degradation, curves of strength degradation and curves of energy dissipation. Results show that frame with X brace system and frame with K brace system provide much better in the elastic stiffness, but low ductility. Frame with knee brace system has increased in the elastic stiffness in comparison with the pure post and beam frame system, and provides higher ductility in comparison with the frame with X brace system and frame with K brace system. Meanwhile, frame filled with light wood shear walls system performs desired elastic stiffness and ductility. Finally, improvement measures were presented based on weak parts of each structure system.

Abstract:This study collected crash data, roadway features, traffic characteristics and land use data in 263 traffic analysis zones (TAZ) within the Outer Ring in Shanghai. TAZ level Bayesian Negative Binomial Conditional Autoregression model was established. Modeling results show that the frequency of total crashes in each TAZ can increase with longer arterials and minor arterials. The numbers of intersections and road density are positively correlated with crashes. More crashes occur with the increasing of car production and land development intensity.

Abstract:In order to enrich the key traffic events, which determine signal transition, and balance them to achieve multi objective optimization, the concept of phase priority degree is proposed. Phase priority degree is calculated by key traffic events triggering. Under the dual ring phase structure, the isolated transit signal priority control strategy based on phase priority degree rules is introduced. The logic rules include rules for initial green combination generation, rules for phase transition in barriers and rules for phase transition between barriers. Simulation analysis shows that in comparison with the fixed time control and basic actuated control, the proposed control strategy can reduce delay of transit vehicles efficiently, delay of general vehicles is also reduced to achieve benefit balance among multi objectives; compared to adaptive control based on phase priority degree, the proposed control strategy insures the effectiveness of transit priority.

Abstract:The performances of typical heavy vehicles were collected by an investigation with globe position system(GPS). The influence rules of gradient and loading situation were studied. The result shows: when the gradient is 2% and slope length is 800 meter, the speed drops of empty, fully loading and overloading heavy vehicle are 5 km·h-1, 13 km·h-1, and 20 km·h-1 respectively, the values turn out to be 5 km·h-1, 25 km·h-1, and 44 km·h-1 when the gradient is 3%. Comparison between performance curves of heavy vehicles in China and American Highway Capacity Manual shows: when the gradient is 2%, the speed of fully loading heavy vehicles in China is 10 km·h-1 lower than heavy vehicles in America while the speed of overloading heavy vehicle is slower by 30 km·h-1; when the gradient is 3%, the number is 11 and 36 km·h-1 respectively.

Abstract:Based on an analysis of the multicommodity flow traffic network with different costs, the composite parameters system and the composite indicators system were built. An algorithm for the minimum cost was designed with a reference to the successive shortest path algorithm and the Ford Fulkerson algorithm, and the feasibility of the algorithm is proved by the example, and the algorithm provides the basis for solving the related issues in actual traffic network.

Abstract:Brake hot spot due to friction is a worldwide forefront and complicated technical problem in brake research and development. Based on many studies on hot spot both at home and abroad in last two decades, the research progresses of experimental study and theoretical analysis are reviewed systematically, and the limitations of current theories are analyzed deeply. The unsolved and ambiguous problems of hot spots are presented, and the main research directions in future are proposed.

Abstract:To recover more braking energy and improve braking performance of vehicles, a new electro hydraulic braking system based on integrated master cylinder is developed. According to performance requirements and national standards, key components’ parameters are determined. The software AMESim is used to build hydraulic subsystem’s model in accordance with its constructer and working principles. Vehicle model and system control logic are built on Simulink. The system control logic consists of braking force distribution logic, wheel cylinder pressure precise control method and coordination control strategy for regenerative braking system and anti lock braking system. Eventually, the new system’s necessary functions are verified by simulation results, reflecting the system’s good feasibility.

Abstract:According to the thermal characteristics of fuel cell, the radiation module of fuel cell vehicle is calculated and the simulation is modified with experiment results. Two different models, logarithmic mean temperature difference(LMTD） and ε NTU, are used in the radiation calculation. Both models prove to be suitable for the calculation of thermal management system in the fuel cell vehicles. A comparative study of the two methods shows the errors of LMTD are bigger in low flow rate of coolant, whereas ε NTU is superior to LMTD which is therefore used more widely for its accuracy.

Abstract:To study the influence of front end structure on vehicle cooling performances, a simplified vehicle was constructed. The grill, cooling fans, fan shroud and cooling module layout of the vehicle were simulated by steady Reynolds Navien Stokes(RANS) Navier Stokes calculation. According to the simulation results the cooling parameters were analyzed. And the influence of changes for front end structure parameters toward front end airflow and cooling performance were summarized. The proper parameter settings suited for the same type vehicles studied in this paper were obtained. The study provides a reference for the vehicle’s engineering application.

Abstract:The axial static pressure coefficient is the key parameter to estimate the flow quality of automotive wind tunnel test section. The collector angle has an influence on the axial static pressure coefficient. However, the tendency of the axial static pressure coefficient isn’ t the same for different wind tunnels. According to the numerical results of different wind tunnels at different diffuser angles, it is found that the axial static pressure coefficient can’t be changed at the diffuser angle of 1.70°. When the diffuser angle is below 1.70°, the bigger collector angle becomes, the larger axial static pressure is. On the contrary, when the diffuser angle is above 1.70°, the law is opposite. The reason is that the constant dissipation angle exists at the shear layer. When the diffuser angle is equal to the dissipation angle, diffuser effect due to the bigger collector angle is the same as the effect due to the more flow entered from outside. If the diffuser angle is smaller than dissipation angle, the diffuser effect is more obvious. All those can be revealed the inconsistent mechanism for different wind tunnels. These findings can help to decide the key dimensions of test section and collector at the stage of wind tunnel construction.

Abstract:The paper presents an entire process to establish the virtual axle test rig system and the method to establish the mechanic system and hydraulic system. The control algorithm of the virtual test, frequency domain iteration learning control, is programmed. The load is realized through co simulation and a rear axle is chosen for virtual test. With the rear axle boundary conditions from the virtual test and the finite element method, the fatigue life and the damage of the rear axle are predicted. A comparative study of the results with those from the real test shows that they are in accordance with each other.

Abstract:A heavy diesel engine was tested on the engine test bench to analyze the two different particulate emissions results of the original engine and the engine with continously regenerating Diesel Particultc Filfer CRDPF equipment. Results show that the application of CRDPF increases the exhaust temperature. The particle number size distribution of original engine clearly shows a bimodal and lognormal. The particle number size distribution upstream of the CRDPF shows trimodal and turns into multimodal across the CRDPF. The test engine with CRDPF generates more particles in diameter below 191nm than the original one. The nuclei mode particles upstream of CRDPF give a larger fraction than the original one. Particulate emission decreases dramatically across the CRDPF except the particles in diameter ranging from 7nm to 15nm. The reduction ratio of accumulation mode particles is higher than that of nuclei mode particles. This leads to an increase in the proportion of nuclei mode particles downstream.

Abstract:To overcome the disadvantages of conventional motor in low floor tramcar with difficult installation arrangement and low transmission efficiency, a new solution was proposed with disc permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) direct drive and independent rotating wheels. The disc PMSM was overhung in the bogie frame with elastic suspension, which made them as the sprung mass. A 60kW disc PMSM was designed under developed motor Computer aided Design(CAD) program to meet the traction power demand, after estimating the overall dimensions according to the size equation of motor. Sensorless vector control based on the sliding mode observer(SMO) was adopted in speed control and torque control of PMSM. The same side and both side motors will control speed difference under the steering control strategy of tramcar. Finally, motor control model was set up in MATLAB/Simulink to check the control strategy. The simulation results show that the PMSM control based on SMO has rapid and robust response. Multi motors with good steering performance adapt to the the straight or curve track well.

Abstract:Based on the thought of iterative control, this paper presents a method to design an unknown input observer for linear continuous time systems with unknown input. In each step of iteration, the current input of iteration is known, so the traditional Luenberger observer is used to estimate the current system state and corresponding output. Based on D type iterative learning control algorithm, the iterative method to estimate the unknown input of next step is proposed by using the current output error and estimated input, and the Luenberger observer is redesigned by using the estimated value to estimate the next step system state. The convergence of the iterative algorithm is analyzed, and the sufficient condition for its convergence is given. Finally, a numerical simulation of a practical model is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Abstract:As to the unsatisfactory accuracy and long training time in current predictive methods of energy consumption and other performance criteria for sintering process, firstly, based on summary of existing predictive methods, support vector machine for regression (SVR) was introduced into sintering production system, and two modeling modes were proposed. Then, the general procedures of predictive modeling based on SVR were given. After that, the proposed method was verified in a scenario derived from a large scale iron and steel enterprise, compared with other predictive methods like traditional multiple linear regression, BP neural network, RBF network and extreme learning machine within the same mode and between different modes. The result shows that SVR method can achieve satisfied predictive results rapidly, which have advantages in prediction accuracy and time efficiency over other methods.

Abstract:An automatic algorithm was proposed for extracting center of irregular shape mark in the close range photogrammetry. Combined with close range photogrammetry engineering practice and based on photogrammetry control information, the edge of man made mark was detected by using adaptive canny operator, then, reconstructed via automatic clustering. A case study of the Meridian Gate of the Forbidden City in Beijing and Wuhan University Campus’s Flag Station Building surveying projects proves that the method greatly reduces the workload of the mark measurement.

Abstract:Four kinds of global grid troposphere zenith path delay products were used to interpolate the troposphere zenith delays at nine International GNSS Service (IGS) stations in China. We evaluate the accuracy of products, including zenith delay correction methods and grid interpolation methods in different regions. Results show no significant accuracy difference between interpolation methods. Accuracy of zenith delay correction methods is affected by site elevation dispersion. Accuracy difference is little between products provided by University of New Brunswick (UNB) but obvious with Vienna Mapping Functions (VMF1) product. The stability of VMF1 product is relatively good.

Abstract:In the perspective of bounded rationality, this paper develops an evolutionary game model to analyze the evolutionary directions of groups’ behavior. Research findings indicate that there is a phenomenon of “invalidation of management” and the further analyses disclose that too high or too low penalty fee of quality competition is not good for the effective operation of the quality supervision system. By introducing the external incentive, we can change the evolutionary directions of the group strategy and find effective method to enhance quality management performance of the project. The study finds that for a certain contractor’s quality supervision incentive can bring the deterrent effect to other contractor’s quality behavior, to incentive the quality supervision of the contractor whose income is larger can enhance the performance of supervision. Finally, we use the deterrent effect to find the minimum cost of incentive strategy combination and achieve the system optimization of project quality management.

Abstract:Taking cooperation time range into consideration, this paper investigates into the control of the moral hazard caused by the contractor in outsourcing in long term cooperation. The paper presents the evolution mechanism of the agent’s reputation, therefore, the reputation’s implicit effect on restraining the agent’s moral hazard is revealed, and the critical condition is discovered when the reputation became invalidated. A strong reputation mechanism for the principal is proposed, and an analysis is made of its feasibility and the corresponding conditions for a thorough elimination of the moral hazard. In the end, numerical analyses are made of the conclusion and its sensitivity.

Abstract:We employ a game theoretical model to study not only advertising but also pricing strategy in supply chain and the market demand is influenced by the advertising level and retail price. Three different models are discussed which are decentralized model, cooperative model and altruistic model. Altruistic model is a model by introducing altruistic factors into the objective function of the supply chain participants. Finally, the influence of altruistic factors to equilibrium strategy and each participant profit under equilibrium strategy are discussed through numerical analysis. It is concluded that the manufacturer as the leader of the supply chain should consider not only his own profit but also the retailer’s profit. So the manufacturer has the higher altruism than the follower in order to promote the whole system profit.

Abstract:The quality control model was constructed and solved in supply chain with continuous quality parameters by improving the existing quality control model in supply chain of discrete quality parameters to solve the uncertain problems in quality control of supply chain. Moreover, a comparative study was made of the modeling assumptions, modeling process and case calculation in quality control model of supply chain under continuous and discrete quality parameters. The results show that the quality control decisions of supply chain with continuous quality parameters can reflect the practical situation more accurately than the quality control decisions of supply chain with discrete quality parameters; in addition, the uncertainty of quality control in supply chain is decreased by the quality control model of supply chain with continuous quality parameters; moreover, the changes tendency of the quality prevention level and quality inspection level along with the change of corresponding inputs are approximate in accordance with exponential distribution, and this situation would provide support and basis for the decisions of manufacturer’s optimal quality prevention inputs and retailer’s optimal quality inspection inputs.

Abstract:An analysis was made of the component and influencing factors of research budget. Then, a research budget estimate model based on Genetic Algorithm Back Propagation (GA BP) neural network was built, of which, GA was used to optimize the weights and thresholds of BP neural network. A nonlinear expression between influencing factors (input) and the budget (output) was created. The effectiveness of the method was tested. Test results show the model based on GA BP neural network is reliable and accurate.