Abstract:In order to quantify the basic physical parameters of steelconcrete interface of composite girders, a series of experiments were conducted to measure the bond strength and friction coefficients of steelconcrete interface with different painting ways which are commonly used in engineering. 16 groups of specimens were designed and tested to measure the shear bond strength of steelconcrete interface with a consideration of the influence of specimen size effect, painting way and normal pressure of the interface. 6 groups of specimens with different painting ways were designed and tested to measure the tensile bond strength of steelconcrete interface. Another 6 groups of specimens with different painting ways were designed and tested to measure the static and dynamic friction coefficient of steelconcrete interface. The results of tests show that the size of steelconcrete interface has little influence on the bond strength, but the painting way of the interface has great effect on the bond strength. With different painting ways, the shear bond strength is between 0.04 and 0.28 MPa, the tensile bond strength is between 0.38 and 0.82 MPa, the static friction coefficient is between 0.73 and 1.06, and the dynamic friction coefficient is between 0.50 and 0.74. The normal pressure and shear bond strength of steelconcrete interface are correlated, which follows the Coulomb friction model.

Abstract:To overcome the default of the classic theory, semitangential rotation was introduced as the spatially rotational parameters. Based on the secondorder rotation matrix, the expression of the secondorder displacement of beam element was deduced. According to the finite deformation theory, the straindisplacement nonlinear relationship for the thinwalled structures were presented. Based on the Bernoulli plain section assumption, the relation between rotation and transverse displacement derivative was derived. Thinwalled component stability theory was adopted to duduce the total potential energy of flexuraltorsional buckling, which verified the traditional formula and overcame the defects of traditional theory. The analysis results show that the proposed theory is suitable for flexuraltorsional buckling analysis of beams under any boundary conditions and loadings.

Abstract:To study the elasticplastic dynamic performance of multistory bucklingrestrained braced steel frame (BRBF) which modeled separately with rigid and pinned models, the bucklingrestrained brace (BRB) average horizontal force sharing ratio β and shearweight ratio CB were used as the main parameters, and the secondorder nonlinear elasticplastic dynamic analysis method was adopted. The research results are as follows: Maximum story drift distributes more evenly under the seismic fortification intensity, concentrates except for the first and top floor in the great or rare earthquake with the rigid model, focuses on the first floor particularly with the hinged column base from the pinned model, and additionally focuses on middle and upper layers affected by the second vibration mode. When β ≈30% under the great earthquake, the shear deformation dominates the structure and the first vibration mode is excellent; β≈60%, the second vibration mode participates in; β≈90%, the second vibration mode is remarkable. β value does not affect the seismic input energy when the fundamental period is set down, and the equivalent velocity VE is basically the same during the similar fundamental period; Meanwhile, VE values can be derived from elastic fundamental period and seismic wave energy spectra, which once again shows the effectiveness of seismic design based on energy balance method.

Abstract:A fiber element analysis method was proposed and verified according to the experimental results of 9 concretefilled Tshaped steel tube (CFTST) columns subjected to uniaxial eccentric loading or biaxial eccentric loading. The behavior of concretefilled Tshaped steel tube intermediate long columns subjected to axial loading was investigated. The parameters in the analysis included the yield strength of steel, the compressive strength of concrete, the depth to thickness ratio of steel plate, the cross sectional depth to width ratio, the slenderness ratio of the specimens, and the angle of the loading. The results of theoretical analysis show that the loadcarrying capacities of the CFTST columns under axial load were obviously influenced by the slenderness ratio of the specimens and to some extent the load ratio carried by core concrete and the load angle. A comparative study of the normalized slenderness ratio vs. stability reduction ratio curves of the CFTST columns (λnφ) predicted by the fiber element analysis method and Code for Design of Steel Structures in China shows that the curves with different section parameters wave in a larger range. Finally, based on the extensive parametric analyses, the simplified calculation method of normalized slenderness ratio vs. stability reduction ratio curves (λnφ) was proposed with a considerction of the effect of the slenderness ratio and the load ratio carried by core concrete. Good agreements between the values predicted by the simplified calculation method and the experiment results were achieved, and the simplified calculation method may be referred for practical engineering design.

Abstract:Wood structural members are prone to endsplitting and cracking along the longitudinal axis, due to external loading and changes of humidity. Such cracks can impair the structural integrity and lead to stress concentration in the vicinity of the crack tips, thereby significantly reduce the load carrying capacity of the wood members. This paper presents the results of fullscale bending tests with longitudinally cracked wood beams. With consideration of the variation of specimen quality and the size effect of wood strength properties, the influence of crack length and position along the crosssectional height on the bending resistance of the wood beams was identified. The retrofitting effect of selftapping screws was also investigated considering different provisions and spacings. It was found that the longitudinal cracks within the shear span and at the midheight of the crosssection can lead to the biggest decrease (46.2%) of the bending resistance, and the selftapping screws are most efficient (retrofitting ratio of 1.12) while applied to the shear span and the retrofitting effect may decrease with the increasing of the screw spacing.

Abstract:Viscous damping wall is a kind of velocity dependent damper, and relies on shear deformation of viscous material to dissipate energy. The traditional experimental method of loading for the viscous damping wall is to adopt highspeed actuator, demand of which is much high. In order to reduce the cost of the experiment, a new experimental method is proposed, that the viscous damping wall is loaded by a shaking table, which is more common. In the experimental model, the horizontal force is totally resisted by the viscous damping wall without additional lateral resisting members; the horizontal force is produced by the inertial effect of a balance weight installed upon the inner steel plate of the viscous damping wall; the selfweight of the balance weight is transferred to complimentary bearing members by rollers. Meanwhile, a datum fitting and processing method of high accuracy is proposed to acquire indirectly the hysteretic curve of the viscous damping wall. A small scaled model was designed, made and tested, showing satisfactory results, validating the accuracy of the proposed experimental method. Finally, design recommendations were given for the proposed experimental method with the derived formulae of dynamics.

Abstract:A fullscale measurement of wind pressure loadings was conducted on photovoltaic (PV) solar panels mounted on the flat roof of a multipurpose lowrise building. According to the characteristics of wind pressure time series, several probability density functions were properly selected for nonlinear regression analysis of wind pressure coefficients of each gauging point. Numerical fittings of mean and peak (positive maxima and negative minima) and areaaveraged peak pressure coefficients were performed and compared by using six probability distributions. The analysis results show that the probability distributions of negative minima and positive maxima of pressure coefficients are leftskewed and rightskewed, respectively. The mean pressure coefficient time series comply with unbiased distribution and the t distribution fits the measured data best, followed by Logistic, Normal, Type I EDV distribution, respectively; Type I EVD has the best fitting effect for peak values, and then the Lognormal distribution, Gamma distribution and Normal distribution in order; The most unfavorable pressure coefficient is dominated by negative peak pressure, that is, suction forces are predominant over wind forces on PV panels; The tributary areaaveraged unfavorable pressure coefficient is recommended to take -2.3.

Abstract:To fully utilize the high efficiency of the tuned mass damper (TMD) and the economic advantage of the tuned liquid column damper (TLCD), a combined tuned damper (CTD) was proposed, and the windinduced vibration mitigation effects of super tall buildings with such a combined tuned damper, were investigated. A kinematic equation was derived, which verified the feasibility of CTD theoretically. The collaborative loss coefficient was proposed to evaluate the performance loss due to the direct connection of TMD and TLCD to the structure of CTD. A comparative study was made of the vibration control efficiency of CTD with those of TMD and TLCD. The results show that the CTD with different parameters performs differently in vibration control and leads to different collaborative loss coefficients. The maximum collaborative loss coefficient can be up to 35%. With the same parameters, the vibration control of CTD is between those of TLCD and TMD, which makes CTD a competitive vibration control option.

Abstract:A unique flexible suspend curtain wall support structure (CWSS) was ultimately developed to suit exterior curtain wall system of Shanghai Tower. Its characteristics of the deviation from main structure, the twisted geometry, the heavy weight, the high suspension height, the weak & nouniform support stiffness led to the complicated cooperation properties with main structure, and a number of unprecedented challenge for the analysis and design arose. From the scheme design to the construction drawing design, structural system and joint details underwent repeated rounds of analysis, proof and optimization. Especially, By means of cooperative analysis of integrated model including CWSS and main structure, the properties of cooperative work of CWSS under horizontal and vertical loads, vertical seismic response, mechanical properties of CWSS in construction were analyzed in detail. These work ensured the successful implementation of the project construction. The actual installation and construction have proved the reliability of the design of this system. The structural design process of CWSS is tough, and its design method and achievement also enrich and improve the existing design method and concept of curtain wall systems of high buildings. Meanwhile, it encourages a lot of new studies in structural design of complex curtain wall systems of high buildings.

Abstract:Ash components were extracted from button rock asphalt，which mixed with the pure asphalt with the mass proportion of ash and asphalt as 0.8∶1. The dynamic shear rheological tests，Xray diffraction analysis techniques and the scanning electron microscopy were applied to the study of the rheological properties of ash and mineral filler mastics, and microscopic characteristics of ash and mineral filler. The results show that ash mastics has a better high temperature rheological properties than filler mastics, with the high temperature grade up to PG76 ℃. However, the two mastics have a similar trend for the changes of performance when the temperature and the frequency increase. There are some protrusions and depressions structure in ash material with a fluffy scalelike surface. The vertical micro scale amplitude reaches 0.35 μm and the specific surface area is much larger than that of the mineral filler. A welldeveloped porosity and ditch grain structure can enhance the adsorption of filler for asphalt, and the bond strength of asphalt and aggregate improves. The film thickness of the structure of asphalt increases, which prevents the water molecules from damaging the asphaltaggregate interface.

Abstract:10 kinds of asphalt mixtures, including base asphalt and the commonlyused modified asphalt, were researched by fatigue tests by taking selfhealing into account, where fourpoint bending beam(4PB) was selected, at the temperature of 15 ℃ with 1 500×10-6 strain, as well as the second fatigue tests were performed, therefore, the effect of the modified asphalt was considered. Researches were carried out in the same asphalt content, the same volume design goal, fatigue performance were compared, and the same temperature performance classification, the fatigue performance was graded, which was a kind of bidirectional hierarchical method, providing reference for the design of asphalt mixture in the actual project. Finally, a partition scatterplot was drafted for mix design reference based on the test results.

Abstract:A stable pedestrian weaving zone formed in the pedestrian transfer channels and transfer station hall, which would produce a negative impact on the pedestrian facilities, such as the reduction of the transportation capacity, safety and comfort. Based on the field investigation data, a negative effect model was established to discover negative effect threshold of the pedestrian weaving zones’ running state by statistical analysis. The pedestrian weaving zone running state was proposed to be divided into three levels (comfortable level, generally comfortable level and crowded level). Based on the division standard of level of weaving zone and HCM 2010, an analysis was made of these three weaving zone running states to understand different roles played by different railing setting ways and the adjustment process of weaving zone running state was proposed, which would contribute to the design of pedestrian facilities and operation management.

Abstract:The motion data about the motor vehicle driving into truck escape ramp for 144 times by 5 drivers were obtained by driving simulation on UCWin Road Ver.9. Then the adjustment length, time and the minimum turning radius were extracted on basis of the steering velocity indexes. An analysis was made of the correlation between the abovesaid three indexes and the operation speeds, departure angles. Then, the setting range of the departure angle and the approach length was proposed based on two step cluster analysis. Research result indicates that the departure angle of truck escape ramp should be within 5°. The maximum departure angle should be controlled within 12.5° and the super elevation must be set during approach of truck escape ramp. Adjustment time is selected as the design index of the approach length. The required time value is 6 s when the efflux angle is within 5° whereas the value is 9 s when the efflux angle is between 5° and 12.5°.

Abstract:A methodology was proposed to estimate its quantity and the corresponding pipe defect grade. This method was applied to estimating the groundwater infiltration into three separate sewer and storm systems of the City of Shanghai, China. Here, hardness and total nitrogen were used as markers to indicate groundwater and domestic wastewater into sewer pipes and storm pipes with inappropriate sewage entry. Absolute flows of groundwater were estimated in conjunction with MonteCarlo entryexit mass balance simulation. The apportioned groundwater flows fell within the allowable designing requirements, and the assessed pipe defect grades fit the anticipated pipe conditions, proving the proposed method feasible and applicable to pipe maintenance assessment. Information also showed that actual allowable groundwater inflow was larger for the study site in comparison with German and US standards, and hence pipe construction and maintenance technologies in China need improving.

Abstract:In order to solve the growing leakage problem of the city water distribution systems, control valves were proposed to be installed in the pipeline to decrease the pipe pressure. An optimized model was established by means of Cuckoo Search to determine the effective numbers of valves and their location. A comparative study was made to show the difference between Genetic Algorithm and Cuckoo Search. The results show Cuckoo Search has a better performance in terms of searching speed and parameter requirement, which reveals the potential of the proposed optimization model for control valves in a reallife water distribution system.

Abstract:A dimensional analysis method was performed to derive similarity criteria and the similarity coefficients of parabolic partial differential equation, and then it was further generalized to deduce the similarity coefficients of the electrochemical process. To validate the similarity criteria and the similarity coefficients, threedimension finite element models of electrochemical process of lithium ion battery under specified conditions were established with the software of Comsol Multiphysics. The simulation results show that the similarity criteria and the similarity coefficients are certified to be correct and the modelling method based on the similarity theory can achieve equivalent simulation. Moreover, the simulation results reveal that the inner state of the battery tends to be uneven under high rate operation, thus corresponding measurements in design and management based on conventional Pseudo2D model should be modified to avoid safety issues due to a local overcharge or overdischarge.

Abstract:In fullscale automotive wind tunnel with openjet test section, targeting notchback MIRA body, variation law and distribution rule of force/pressure test data error between simultaneously testing method and respectively testing method were revealed by wind tunnel test in a range of Reynolds number and yaw angle. The error was subsequently explained by computational fluid dynamics in view of flow mechanism. Finally, the specific implementation and application scope of force/pressure simultaneously testing method in fullscale automotive wind tunnel were concluded.

Abstract:The aerodynamic noise of automotive airconditioning was investigated by numerical and experimental methods. Results show that highprecision outlet air distribution results can be obtained by the fine mesh and large eddy simulation method. The maximum deviation is 4.35% and the minimum deviation is 0.93%. The total sound pressure level of surface is dependent on the local velocity and the disorder of pathlines. The fan is the main sound source of the automotive airconditioning, and the key to reduce the fan noise by improving the flow separation of fan. Permeable surface sound propagation method effectively considers dipole source generated by the surface pressure fluctuation and quadrupole source generated by vortex. It is an effective treatment method to calculate the aerodynamic noise of automotive air conditioning. The total sound pressure level of test points obtained by the method are closer to the experimental values. The difference between them is 2 dBA and the tendency of the spectrum is consistent, which can be recommended as the sound propagation method of aerodynamic noise simulation.

Abstract:The characteristics of particulate matter and gaseous emission from a ChinaIV diesel bus burning diesel and biodiesel with 5% blend ratio were tested on heavy chassis dynamometer under China City Bus Driving Cycle (CCBC). The results indicated that the bus working condition under CCBC is mainly during 900~1 100 r?min-1 and 200~500 N?m, which shows the characteristics of low speed and middlelow load. The total hydrocarbon(THC), NOX, particulate matter(PM) and particulate number(PN) emission factor of diesel and biodiesel is higher at low speed, while the CO emission factor is higher at high speed. Compared with diesel, the THC and NOX emission of biodiesel is increasing, while the CO and PM emission is decreasing, and the PN emission of B5 is almost the same with diesel. On the working conditions of idle and middlelow speed acceleration the THC emission rate becomes higher, while the NOX emission rate is higher on the working conditions of middlelow speed acceleration. PN emission rate is much higher on the working conditions of middlehigh speed acceleration and high uniform speed. That’s the reason why THC, NOX, PN emission rates of B5 increase. Except for the higher CO emission rate during middlelow speed acceleration and higher PM emission during lowspeed acceleration, deceleration and uniform speed, CO and PM emission on the other working conditions is lower. That’s the main reason why CO and PM emission of B5 decreases under CCBC.

Abstract:The paper presents an approach for network layer test, which is important during the development of unified diagnostic service(UDS) diagnostic stack. The upper tester in PC was connected to the lower tester, which carried the protocol stack under test, by a networkdesign tool called AutoCAN to build a test network. After analyzing the characteristics of network parameters and the demands of the device under test, a test case set was designed with the parameters classified method. Then the scripts were programmed and AutoCAN simulated the progress of all the designed communications. By monitoring every record of CAN frames transmission, it is clear to decide if this test meets the requirements of the specification. This method can accomplish the networklayer functional tests and find whether it works correctly based on the relevant international standards.

Abstract:The synchronous control system based on CAN (Controller Area Network) bus was designed and the synchronous PID (Proportion Integral Derivative) algorithm was proposed to control the synchronization error in synchronous assembly for rectangular shield segment erector when it constructed the top block and the bottom block. The working principle of the synchronous control system was described as well as system’s network structure. The model of the synchronous control system was established to simulate synchronous lifting and lowering of the block in the vertical direction and its synchronous moving in the axial direction. Then the PID control performances of these two actions were analyzed by simulation and verified by the synchronization assembly experiments. Experimental results show that PIDcontrolled synchronization error is lowered. The synchronization error of synchronous lifting and lowering is between ±3 mm and the synchronization error of the axial move is no more than ±1 mm, which shows the effectiveness and achievability of synchronous PID control in the rectangular shield segment assembly process.

Abstract:Aiming at the unsupervised and timeconsuming l1 norm optimization problems of the existing sparsity preserving projection, a novel fast feature extraction algorithm named sparsity preserving laplacian discriminant analysis (SPLDA) is proposed. SPLDA first creates a concatenated dictionary via classwise principal component analysis(PCA) decompositions and learns the sparse representation structure of each sample under the dictionary using the least square method. Then SPLDA considers both the sparse representation structure and the discriminative efficiency by regularizing the Laplacian discriminant function from the learned sparse representation structure. Finally, the proposed method is transformed into a generalized eigenvalue problem. Extensive experiments on several popular face databases (Yale, Olivetti Research Laboratory(ORL) and Extended Yale B) are provided to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Abstract:An investigation was made into the sliding mode control design method for a class of linear system with unmatched timevarying unknown inputs. A reducedorder observer was developed to be independent of the control inputs and able to overcome the influence of the unknown inputs. Moreover, an algebraic unknown input reconstruction method based on state estimation was developed. Besides, an estimation method of the firstorder derivatives of the unknown inputs was proposed by means of a highgain sliding mode observer. Finally, based on the estimation of the system states, the reconstruction of the unknown input and the first derivative estimation, a novel sliding mode controller was constructed，and a simulation analysis validated the effectiveness of the proposed method.