Abstract:This paper briefly analyses some typical problems in studies of nephrite， including many fields of natural attribute and social attribute， such as the genetic mechanism of nephrite deposit， prospecting， exploitation， utilization， the differentiation between jade and rock， the traceability and processing technology of ancient jades， and the importance of jade in Chinese history. The solution to these problems not only depends on the deepening and development of related natural and social sciences， but also depends on the intersection and the integration of natural and social sciences.

Abstract:Liangzhu Culture is world-famous for a large number of exquisite nephrite artifacts， but the provenance of nephrite materials has been a considerable controversy over the past several decades， which is one of the keys to judging whether Liangzhu Culture is a native civilization. In addition to social attributes， nephrite， as a mineral resource， is a result of special geological processes at first， indicating that Earth science is an important part of researches of ancient jades. In combination with mineral characteristics， textures， and chemical compositions of Liangzhu jades， this paper deciphers the geological information from the ideologies and methods of Earth science and discusses an affinity between Xiaomeiling nephrite and nephrites used in Liangzhu Culture， supporting the native origin of Liangzhu Culture.

Abstract:Using archaeological findings as clues， in combination with literature research and comparison with naked eyes， and supplemented by advanced instruments testing， this paper analyzes the epochal characteristics and material of jade unearthed in Guizhou. The original raw materials of these jade ware are versatile and have different characteristics in different ages and areas. Before the Han Dynasty， there were few nephrite ware in Guizhou. After that， the number of Xinjiang nephrite artifacts had the dominant position. Based on the geological and mineralogical analysis of malachite and nephrite from Luodian， Guizhou， the possibility that the jade were from local source in early ancient Guizhou was discussed. The content of Na₂O and K₂O in the chemical composition of nephrite from Luodian， Guizhou is high， while the content of Al₂O₃ and MnO is low， which is obviously different from the chemical composition of nephrite from other ancient regions.

Abstract:Some representative jade wares of Qijia Culture from eight museums in Gansu are digitized. Meanwhile， the mineral composition， microstructure， and chemical composition of Maxianshan nephrite are tested. Based on the digitized information of jade wares of Qijia Culture， the similarities in the weathering layer and supergene burial environment reflected by secondary minerals between jade wares of Qijia Culture and Maxianshan nephrite are compared. It is concluded that Maxianshan nephrite is an important origin source of jade materials used in Qijia Culture.

Abstract:In this paper， the spectroscopic characteristics of Longxi nephrite were analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy， electron probe， and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） . In addition， the chemical composition was tested and analyzed， and compared with Sanxingdui jade and Jinsha jade. The results show that both the Raman spectra of Sanxingdui amphibole jade and Longxi nephrite have a characteristic peak of 674cm-1. The majorelement mapping shows that the mineralization of Longxi nephrite jade is related to dolomite， while part of the Sanxingdui amphibolejade is related to dolomite， and the mineralization of some jade artifacts is related to serpentine. The rare earth element characteristics of Longxi nephrite and the Jinsha Site have a high similarity. In combination with factors such as the distance between the three places and the appearance of the jade， it is speculated that Longxi， Sichuan is one of the sources of jade materials for Sanxingdui and Jinsha jade.

Abstract:The mineral and chemical compositions of green nephrite samples from Qiemo County， Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region， Hualien County， Taiwan， China， and British Columbia， Canada were systematically analyzed by gemological tests， microscope observation， electron probe X-ray microanalyser（EPMA）， and laser ablation microprobe inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（LA- ICP- MS） analysis. The results show that the green nephrite from the three origins are mostly green-dark green， containing spotted or banded black accessory minerals， whose gemological features are similar and difficult to distinguish. Under the microscope， it can be seen that the main mineral composition of green nephrite samples from the three different origins are tremolite， but that from Canada can contains a small amount of actinolite and pyroxene. The Qiemo green nephrite is calcium-chromium garnet， and the Canada and Hualien green nephrites are grossularite. The results of EPMA show that the main mineral of the samples are tremolite， and the color of green nephrite changes from light to dark with the increase of Fe and Cr content. The results of LA-ICP-MS show that the content of Sc in the Hualien green nephrite is significantly higher than that in the other two origins， which could be regarded as the typomorphic characteristics of the chemical composition of the Hualian green nephrite.

Abstract:The compositions and microstructures of dendrites in south Guizhou-west Guangxi nephrite deposits were investigated by electron microprobe （EPMA）， laser Raman spectroscopy， electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy （EPR）， and scanning electron microscope （SEM） equipped with energy disperse spectroscopy （EDS）， and the formation mechanism was discussed as well. The result indicates that the dendrites are （quasi） two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally distributed in various rocks such as nephrite， tremolite marble， talc rock as well as tremolite diopside rock， and have essentially multi-branched fractal structures or patterns formed by rapid growth under non-equilibrium and non-linear conditions. They consist of mainly todorokite and minor birnessite， romanechite， hollandite， meanwhile displaying a microstructure of uniformly scaly to leaf-like crystals disorderly curled into layers or three-dimensional aggregated into balls reminiscent of the desert rose stones. Manganese for the dendrite growth were mainly provided by the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic manganese-bearing sedimentations in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Basin. The primary porosity and the induced brittle cracks at a low confining pressure and tectonic stress of nephrite could provide channels and spaces for manganese migration and precipitation. The rocks on both sides of the fracture would heal when pressed or hydrothermal filled.

Abstract:To quantify the seismic resilience of buildings， a general functional loss quantification method of buildings based on the component function assembly and a corresponding seismic resilience evaluation method of buildings were proposed. A probability-based function loss is defined for components to consider the uncertainty in earthquakes. A hierarchic structure is used to assemble the component function loss to acquire the building function loss. Based on the post-earthquake function recovery model driven by the restoration scheme， the time-varying function curve of the building function is obtained. The calculation method of seismic resilience of buildings is presented based on the Monte Carlo method. The method is applied to a 10-storey apartment building with reinforced concrete frame structure， and the effects of different resilience enhancement methods on the building were compared. The results show that the proposed method can reasonably evaluate the seismic resilience of buildings. The seismic resilience of the building in the earthquake with fortification intensity is good. The non-structural components like infilled walls have great effects on the seismic resilience of buildings. Among various kinds of resilience enhancement methods， the seismic improvement of components and the optimization of post-earthquake repair schemes are more efficient.

Abstract:Laminated rubber bearings are commonly used in small-and-medium-span girder bridges but they lack in displacement capacity and are likely to slide in earthquakes， which results in excessive relative displacements between piers and girders. Thus， a new type of composite rubber bearing， of which the cross section is composed of a laminated area and a sliding area， is proposed in this paper. Interior sliding is allowed to reduce the horizontal stiffness， improve the displacement capacity， and dissipate the seismic energy. Quasi-static tests were conducted for six bearing specimens to study the effects of pressures， rubber properties， and sliding area stiffness ratios on the bearing performances. Finite element analyses were performed based on a typical simply supported girder bridge. The seismic responses of composite rubber bearings and laminated rubber bearings were compared. The results show that the composite rubber bearings possess a small equivalent stiffness， strong displacement and energy dissipation capacities. Total sliding of bearings can be effectively avoided and both bearing displacements and pier moments can be significantly reduced in earthquakes.

Abstract:The transverse deformation of shield tunnels in soft soils may ultimately threaten the safety of tunnel structure and is often controlled by using the perturbation grouting method. To study the effect of perturbation grouting around a tunnel， cone penetration tests were conducted to analyze the influence of grouting on the soil around two sides of a tunnel and reinforced through grouting. K0 consolidated undrained extensive shearing triaxial tests were performed on standard samples made from the soil obtained from field， and， as a result， the undrained extensive shear strength and the secant modulus were computed. A linear model was used to fit the data of grouting volume and horizontal convergence of the tunnel， and thus， an equation was built to describe the relationship between the normalized convergence value and the relative grouting volume. The effect of grouting on reducing horizontal convergence was analyzed using the built equation. The results show that perturbation grouting improves the ps by 110.8% of the soil at the grouting center and 97.6% of the soil at the edge of the grouting region， and the grouting reinforcement effect is non-uniform. In addition， the su of the soil after grouting is increased by about 112% and the E50 by about 132%. The cumulative horizontal convergence of the tunnel is reduced by about 24% after grouting measures are adopted. Using the obtained results， the recovery extent of the transverse deformation of a tunnel can be estimated according to the amount of grout， which can provide reference for subsequent design of perturbation grouting schemes to treat the transverse deformation of the soft soil shield tunnels.

Abstract:In this paper， the tertiary argillaceous siltaceous soft rock was extracted from a subway station construction site in Nanning， China. Triaxial compression creep tests were conducted and influences of water content on creep properties of the unsaturated argillaceous siltstone were analyzed. Meanwhile， a nonlinear viscoplastic component was embedded into a five-component viscoelastic model and a seven-component unsaturated compression creep model for the argillaceous siltstone was built. Using this model， the variations of the creep parameters were analyzed. The results show that as water content increases， the creep deformation and creep rate of the argillaceous siltstone significantly increase， while the long-term creep strength obviously decreases， indicating that water has an important impact on the creep deformation of the argillaceous siltstone. The newly built seven-component nonlinear viscoelastoplastic model well simulates the whole creep process curves.

Abstract:To explore the influence of structure shape surface on soil-structure interaction， a series of laboratory model tests are conducted and the interaction between irregular structure surfaces and sand in the translational model is studied. The irregular structure surfaces include three typical structure surfaces， i.e.， convex structure， plate structure， and concave structure. The contact pressure and soil displacement field in translation of structure are measured. The test results show that the structure shape has a noticeable influence on the maximum soil pressure， soil pressure distribution， and affected region of soil displacement. With the same relative displacement， the maximum soil pressure of the convex structure is the largest， followed by the plate structure and the concave structure. The soil pressure distributions of the convex structure and concave structure are the superposition of trapezoid and “oblique ellipse”， and the soil pressure distribution of plate structure is the superposition of trapezoid and sine function. The influence width of the earth surface of the convex structure is the largest， followed by the plate structure and the concave structure.

Abstract:In order to investigate the effect of daily temperature change on airport cement pavement， the variation characteristics of cement slab temperature， strain， and deflection in an airport in southwest China during daily cycle were systematically monitored and analyzed. The results show that the in-plate temperature， average temperature， and temperature gradient change in daily cycle. The maximum positive and negative temperature gradient appear at 14：00—16：00 and 07：00—08：00， respectively. The non-synchronous change of strain and temperature leads to a hysteretic loop， which may be caused by the asynchronous change between each other. The effect of hysteretic characteristics can be reduced by analyzing the relationship between temperature gradient and curvature. The slab corner is curling more significant than the slab edge， and the difference of joint type has a greater effect on the curling of slab edge. The deflections measured at the slab edge and the corner fluctuates obviously with the variation of daily temperature， and the joint load transfer coefficient is mainly affected by temperature gradient. The effect of temperature should be considered in pavement performance evaluation. The sum of deflections on both sides of the joints（SD） has a high correlation with temperature， and may be independent of the joint load transfer capacity. The characteristics of SD give it an advantage in void detection of concrete slab effected by temperature. Further research on the characteristics of SD is needed.

Abstract:To effectively evaluate and guide the coordination design of expressway alignment， this paper proposes an evaluation model based on alignment geometric parameter fitting， which uses driving simulation and real vehicle test to obtain vehicle operation data. The index selection and optimization measures are presented afterward. First， the indexes that give priority to coordination design are selected and the curvature k and torsion τ are proposed as the spatial characteristic parameters of alignment. Then， a binary polynomial evaluation model is established to evaluate the design coordination of alignment flexibility and curvature difference Δk and torsion difference Δτ by multivariate nonlinear fitting in combination with driving simulation experiment and real vehicle test. After that， the model is modified by adjusting the cross section and safety facilities. The results show that the evaluation model can better reflect the relationship between alignment index， cross-sectional information， traffic safety facilities， and vehicle operation estate. Furthermore， it provides guidance for the design and application of expressway alignment coordination. Finally， the basis of index selection and optimization measures are presented by deducing the value range of Δk and Δτ.

Abstract:Aimed at the transportation efficiency problem of oversaturated passenger flow of urban rail transit lines during peak hours， a multi-agent simulation model of passenger flow control for urban rail transit with the goal of maximizing passenger turnover is established based on the network topology of subway lines and the passenger flow demand matrix. Based on the AnyLogic software， the model reconstructs the urban rail transit system by constructing four types of agents： train， line， road network， and passenger， which realizes several passenger flow control methods， including boarding control， platform control， and gates control. In addition， a full-line coordinated passenger flow control strategy in multi stations of a single line in urban rail transit is proposed. Moreover， a passenger flow control experiment is conducted on a subway line with a scale of 23 stations and 122 933 passenger OD pairs， which increases the total passenger turnover by 1.01%.

Abstract:By analyzing the citation information and text information of patents in the field of automatic driving technology， and in combination with community discovery， the LDA （latent Dirichlet allocation） topic modeling， and the main path analysis method， an analysis framework is established to analyze the evolution of automatic driving technology according to the characteristics of automatic driving patent data set. The application of the above method can effectively identify the theme distribution in the field of automatic driving technology， and compensate for the defect that the traditional single method cannot reflect the whole picture of the technology. China needs to focus on breaking through key technologies such as multi-source sensor fusion perception， intelligent decision-making control in complex environment， vehicle road coordination， and human-computer interaction， take the lead in testing and automatic parking technology， and follow in positioning， high-precision map， actuator， motion control， and hardware computing platform technologies.

Abstract:With the help of the Muse EEG device， this paper explores the styling evaluation method of event-related potential experiment （ERP） by using the absolute time notation method to shorten the styling design evaluation cycle and improve the efficiency of internal styling design decision-making in the enterprise. First， through the classic experimental paradigm of sentence ending ambiguity， it is verified that the Muse EEG device can be used for the N400 component research of ERP. Then， the compound stimulation paradigm experiment of multi-modal semantic processing research is performed to verify the test results of the 32-lead EEG device and the Muse EEG device. The results show that the Muse EEG device can effectively collect the N400 EEG data. The N400 amplitudes induced by 32-lead EEG and Muse EEG devices are consistent when measuring the semantics of car modeling and text semantics. It is concluded that N400 can reflect the user’s real and objective thoughts under certain stimuli， which can improve the efficiency of automobile styling decision-making and reduce the cost of styling design.