现代有轨电车槽型钢轨型面优化分析

Optimal Design of Profile of Groove-Shaped Rail of Modern Trams

摘要:

建立了现代有轨电车槽型钢轨磨耗预测模型，充分地考虑了独立旋转车轮的轮轨耦合效应，与相关文献结果对比验证了模型的有效性，并对现代有轨电车钢轨磨耗特征进行分析。建立了基于增广高斯径向基函数（AGRPF）钢轨优化模型，并采用序列二次规划法（SQP）和多目标优化原理对该模型进行求解。结果表明：钢轨外轨发生磨耗位置在轨距角Y=30 mm部分，内轨发生磨耗位置在轨顶和护轨部分；钢轨优化型面相比初始型面优化效果在15 %~30 %，可以有效减轻钢轨磨耗尤其侧磨、增大轮轨接触面积和减小轮轨接触应力。研究结果可为有轨电车钢轨选型与维护提供有益参考。

Abstract:

A wear prediction model groove-shaped rail of modern trams is established， which fully considers the wheel-rail coupling effect of independent rotating wheel. The validity of the model was verified by comparison with the results of relevant literature. The characteristics of the rail wear of modern trams are analyzed by the proposed wear model. A profile optimization model of the rail based on augmented Gaussian radial primary function （AGRPF） is established， which is solved by using sequential quadratic programming （SQP） and multi-objective optimization principle. The results show that the main wear position of the outer rail is at the gauge angle of Y=30 mm， and the wear positions of the inner rail are at the top of the rail and the guard rail. Compared with the initial rail profile， the optimized effect of the rail profile is 15 % to 30 %， which can effectively reduce rail wear， especially side wear， increase wheel-rail contact area and reduce wheel-rail contact stress. The research results can provide a useful reference for the selection and maintenance of tram rails.